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1、非谓语动词动名词 gerund不定式 infinitive分词 participle非谓语动词1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在 句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作 用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、 宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓 语以外一切成分。2形式 不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当 主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、 状语。 动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语 、宾语。 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语 、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语语 定语语 宾语宾语 表语语 状语语宾语宾语 补补 足语语不定式 过过去 分词词 v-ing 形式 3语态：必须搞清逻辑主 语与非谓语动词的关系， 从
2、而来确定非谓语动词态 的语态。 A 动词-ing形式的一般式1 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作， 没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。2 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词 同时发生的动作。They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。3 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语 动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。I rem
3、embered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。B 动词-ing形式的完成式动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作 发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.在现代英语中，作宾语的动词-ing形式的完成式可用一般 式来代替。I real
4、ly regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 (=I rally regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影 。(=We remembered having seen the film.)C 动词-ing形式的被动形式动词-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing 形式表示的动作的承受者。The question being discussed is ver
5、y important.正在讨论的问题很重要。I cant stand being kept waiting.我不堪久等。 Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书 馆。D 动词-ing形式的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式由not加动词 -ing形式构成。His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。A 动词-ing形式作主语1 动词-ing形式可直接置于句首
6、作主语。Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。2 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语 ，而把真正的主语放在句末。It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。Its a waste of time arguing about it.争论这事是浪费时间。必 背动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没 有用的。 It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to
7、 come.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。 Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得 的。 There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种 事开不得玩笑。B 动词-ing形式作表语1 表示主语的内容Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅 保持干净。2 表示主语具有的特征The problem is quite p
8、uzzling. 这个问 题很令困惑。 1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails（指甲 ）.C 动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介 词的宾语。1 能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类， 一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可 用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用- ing形
9、式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了！ I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿； 放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成； 注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁； 允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go )
10、 away. 2.Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground. 3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain. 4.Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car. 5.Leave off _(bite) your nails! 6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden. 7.You certa
11、inly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film. 8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. 9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) more
12、chances. 13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).必 背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist抵制mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免excuse 原谅 practice 练
13、习 mind介意fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 设想 cannot help 情不自禁 既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式 作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区 别不是很大。They prefer spending
14、/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想买一本英汉词典。提 示应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。 避免说：I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语 。有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语， 但意义上有所不同。come to do表示一
15、个渐渐发展的过程I hope we shall be friends and come to understand one another.我希望我们会成为朋 友并互相了解come doing表示陪衬性的动作 It was already two oclock when she came hurrying in. 她急急忙忙跑进来时已经两点了。go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事 Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. 做完练习以 后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。 go on doing继续做同一件事。 Though it was raining heavily, they went on working, 尽管天下着大雨，他们仍然继续工作。mean to d
