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1、 Learning goals1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ” 4. Do some exercises about the 3th aim语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 ：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不 同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借 助句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示
2、说话人所说的话不是一个事实 ，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件 状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议 等 (常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事 情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语拟语 气的概念虚拟语气的常考形式 ：1. if 引导的虚拟条件句2. 名词性从句3. 固定句式4. 情态动词表示虚拟 5. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或 有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的 或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。If we have chances, we can have furt
3、her cooperation.If I have another chance, I will visit China again.if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很 有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思if条件从句一般现在时主句will shall+动词原形 情态动词 + 动词原形What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几 乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。if 引导的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反If I h
4、ad a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents.与现在事实相反If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.与现在事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟拟条件句 主句与现现在 事实实相 反的假 设设If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were)主语+would ( should / might / co
5、uld )动词原形1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents.2. If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were)If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have
6、caused the car accident in May,2009.与过去事实相反If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.与过去事实相反If If hehe had got up earlier earlier , , hehe could have caught the train. the train. 与过去事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟拟条件句 主句与过过去 事实实相 反的假 设设If+主语+had +动词的过去分词1. If Yao Ji
7、axin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.2. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.3. 3. If If hehe had got up earlier earlier , , hehe could have caught the the train. train. 即：If+过去完成时态主语 + would ( sh
8、ould / might / could )have doneIf I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 与将来事实相反if虚拟条件句if虚拟拟条件句 主句与将来 事实实相 反的假 设设1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形If I met / w
9、ere to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. 总结： if虚拟条件句if虚拟拟条件句 主句与现现在 事实实相 反的假 设设与过过去 事实实相 反的假 设设与将来 事实实相 反的假 设设1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were)主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形 即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were)If+主语+had +
10、动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形（4+1 ）注意以下问题： 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句1. 错综时间条件句if虚拟拟条件句 主句与现现在 事实实相 反的假 设设与过过去 事实实相 反的假 设设与将来 事实实相 反的假 设设1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一
11、般用were)主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形 即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were)If+主语+had +动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句（4+1 ）1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1). If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish
12、 the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了 。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）3). If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给
13、我，我不可能买下这幢新 房，很可能现在还住在危房里。 （从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）2. 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装 结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句 ，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与 were，should，had等缩略成werent， shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。 1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Shoul
14、d I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.2. 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 补充例句： 要不是 (固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not
15、 been for , If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, 与过去事 实相反与现在事 实相反But for 要不是(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have takenpart in the sports meet.（副词）(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known
16、 nothing about it.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气直陈语气虚拟语气3. 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出 现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句 。含蓄条件句 (4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格 ）= If everything had been taken into (了解即可)consideration, (3) I might have given you more help, but I was toobusy.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气(5) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有 w
