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1、Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Power Grid 电动汽车对电 网的影响Lai Xiaokang 来小康 China Electric Power Research Institute 中国电力科学研究院July 27, 2010 2010年7月27日Contents 内容1.Overview of Development of Electric Vehicle一 电动 汽车发 展概述2.Impact of Electric Vehicle on the Power Grid二 电动 汽车对电 网的影响3.Analysis of Influencing
2、 Factors三 影响因素分析4.Work Currently Under Way四 正在开展的工作Overview of Development of Electric Vehicle 电动 汽车发 展概述1The Electric Vehicle Project under the “863” Program was initiated in 2001. Under the project pure electrical power; hybrid power and fuel-cell battery became the major research focuses for asse
3、mbled cars with researches carried out in a matrix structure. 2001年，启动了“863”计划 电动 汽车重大专项 ，将纯电 动、混合动力和燃料电池汽 车三类作为整车的研发重点 ，建立了“三纵三横”的开 发布局。3In February 2009, the central government promulgated the “Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revival Plan” under which China would have the capacity to produce 50
4、0,000 pure electrical power; electric hybrid-power and ordinary hybrid-power vehicles. 2009年2月，国家汽车产 业调 整和振兴规 划出台， 提出到2011年，我国将形成 50万辆纯电动 、充电式混合 动力和普通型混合动力等电 动汽车产 能。2In January 2009, the Ministry of Science 削峰填谷；Improve power-supply quality incertain areas;改善局部供电质 量；Emergency powersupply;应急电源；Micro-
5、Grid;微网；Provide ancillaryservices;提供辅助服务;Support renewableenergy;促进可再生能源接入；V2G： Load Storage capacity 负荷 储能Reduce equipment investment 降低设备 投资 Reduce peak power generation 减少峰值发电 Raise system stability 提高系统稳 定性 Raise efficiency for energy usage 提高能源利用效率 Improve power- supply quality 提高供电质 量Impact of
6、 Electric Vehicle on the Power Grid 电动 汽车对电 网的影响V0G： Increase in sale of electric power, and expand the power gridsOpportunities 机遇Challenges 挑战Impact of Electric Vehicle on the Power Grid 电动 汽车对电 网的影响Upgrading and rebuilding of power grid 配电网的升级改造 Increased loading for transformers and circuits; re
7、duction in power supply reliability; addition offline interval; expansion and construction of substation. 变压 器、线路负载 率上升，供电可靠性下降；新增出线间 隔，变电 站扩建。Additional installed capacity 新增装机容量 Non-scheduled charging will increase load peak-value and hence requires additional installed capacity which in turn lead
8、s to reduction of efficiency during system operation. 无序充电增加负荷峰值，需要新增装机容量，系统运行效率降低。Electric power quality affected 影响电能质量 Charging equipment causes three-phase imbalance, and distortion of common bus voltage waveform. 充电设备 造成三相不平衡、公共母线电压 波形畸变。Relevant standards 相关标准 Filling in the void and unificati
9、on of relevant standards. 空白补充、相关标准的统一100,000 vehicles1 million vehiclesImpact of Electric Vehicle on the Power Grid 电动 汽车对电 网的影响The electric vehicles impact on the power grid is dependent on the power grids automation level and the interaction between the power grid and electric vehicle. 电动 汽车对电 网的
10、影响取决于电网的智能水平及电网与电动 汽车之间的互动水平。Example 1: Load curve for Beijing on a certain day during summer eg.1 北京市夏季某日负荷曲线 1 million vehicles with daily power consumption of 9.17 million units, which is 3.28% of original power load. 100万辆车 ，日耗电917万度，占原负荷耗电量的3.28%。 Scenario 1: Unguided (concentrated charging) Gr
11、owth of 31.83% for maximum load of power grid! 情景1：未经引导（集中充电） 电网最大负荷增长31.83%！ Scenario 2: Guided (dispersed charging + limited charging power) No growth in maximum load of power grid! 情景2：加以引导（分散充电+功率限制） 电网最大负荷不发生增长！0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2460080020001800160014
12、0012000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24600700900 1000800150014001300120011001000At any time during the day 一日中各时刻Unguided charging 未经引导的充电Original load 原负荷 100,000 vehicles 10万辆 300,000 vehicles 30万辆 500,000 vehicles 50万辆 1 million vehicles 100万辆Guided charging 加以引导的充电
13、Original load 原负荷 Original load 100,000 vehicles 10万辆 300,000 vehicles300,000 vehicles30万辆 500,000 vehicles500,000 vehicles 50万辆 1 million vehicles 100万辆6.92 million kW 692万kW90km of travel daily, the capacity during off-peak hours (at night) is able to fully charge 1.5 million passenger vehicles. 以
14、北京现有发输 配电能力，谷电可利用 电能量为2694万kWh，按照日行90km耗 电量18kWh计 ，夜间低谷时段可为约 150万辆电动轿车 充满电 。Impact of Electric Vehicle on the Power Grid 电动 汽车对电 网的影响Example 2: Electric vehicle can be charged during off-peak period for the power grid, thus fulfilling its “filling the valley” effect. eg.2 电动 汽车可以在电网负荷低谷时段充电，发挥 “填谷”作
15、用。Load Curve for Beijing on a certain day in 2009 2009年北京某日负荷曲线14.14 million kW 1414万kW11.25 million kW 1125万kWBased on current power transmission and distribution capacity in Beijing, usable power capacity during off-peak hours is 26.94 million kWh. Based on the power consumption of 18kWh forLoad c
16、urve (0,000 kW) 负荷曲线（万千瓦）Average load (0,000 kW) 平均负荷（万千瓦）electric vehicle 电动 汽车的行驶特性 Charging by electric vehicle users 电动 汽车用户的充电行为 Distribution and constriction of charging facilities 充电设 施的布局和建设Analysis of Influencing Factors 影响因素分析Categories and quantity of electric vehicle 电动 汽车的分类和数量 Driving characteristics ofInfluencing Factors 影响因素Group Fleet集团用车This includes public buses and mini-bu
