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1、英国文学选读要点（1） 诗人及其作品解读1. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Significance1) the greatest English poet and dramatist2) certainly the most important playwright of the English Renaissance 3) likely the most influential writer in all of English literature Theme of Sonnet 18 (上p.118)His sonnet 18 expresses tha
2、t beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity.Analysis of the poem 1. Shakespeares English was different from modern English and his use of certain words and grammar is not used today, such as:thee, thou = you,thy = your,thine = your (yours), art = are , hath = has, doth =
3、 does, I know not = I dont know,more better = better t is = it,tis = it is, twas = it was, and so on. The first two quatrains focus on the fair lords beauty: the poet attempts to compare it to a summers day, but shows that there can be no such comparison, since the fair lords timeless beauty far sur
4、passes that of the fleeting, inconstant season. Summer - “summer“ as a metaphor for youth, or perhaps beauty, or perhaps the beauty of youth.What does “eternal lines” mean in the last but one stanza? Whats the rhyme of Shakespearean Sonnet? The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the
5、 beloved: “Shall I compare thee to a summers day?“ The next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison. In line 2, the speaker stipulates what mainly differentiates the young man from the summers day: he is “more lovely and more temperate.“ The poet describes summer as a season of extremes and di
6、sappointments. Summers days tend toward extremes: they are shaken by “rough winds“; In them, the sun (“the eye of heaven“) often shines “too hot,“ or too dim. And summer is fleeting: its date is too short, and it leads to the withering of autumn, as “every fair from fair sometime declines.“ The fina
7、l quatrain of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in that respect: his beauty will last forever (“Thy eternal summer shall not fade.“) and never die. In the couplet, the speaker explains how the beloveds beauty will accomplish this feat, and not perish because it is preserved in
8、 the poem, which will last forever; it will live “as long as men can breathe or eyes can see.“The Meter and RhymeEnglish or Shakespearean Sonnet :a poem of fourteen iambic pentameter lines, whose rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg, which marks the division of a sonnet into three quatrains (four lines
9、) and a couplet (two rhyming lines). Sonnet 181. Shall I compare thee to a sum mers day? /ei/ a2. Thou art more love ly and more tem perate: /eit/b3. Rough winds do shake the da ling buds of May ,/ei/ a 4. And sum mers loase hath all too short a date: /eit/ b5. Sometime too hot the eye of hea ven sh
10、ines /aiz/ c6. And o f ten is his gold comple xion dimmd; /imd/ d 7. And eve ry fair from fair sometime declines, /imd/ d 8. By chance or na tures chan ging course, untrimmd; /imd/ d 9. But thy eter nal sum mer shall not fade, /eid/ e 10. Nor lose posses sion of that fair thou owst; /ust/ f 11. Nor
11、shall Death brag thou wan derst in his shade, /eid/ e 12. When in eter nal lines to time thou growst: /ust/ f13. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, /i:/ g 14. So long lives this and this gives life to thee. /i:/ g 我该把你比拟做夏天吗？ 你比夏天更可爱，更温婉： 狂风会把五月的娇蕊吹落， 夏天出租的期限又太短暂： 有时天上的眼睛照得太热， 他金色的面容常常变阴暗；
12、一切美的事物总不免凋败， 被机缘或自然的代谢摧残： 但你永恒的夏天不会褪色， 不会失去你所拥有的美善， 死神也不能夸说你在他阴影里徘徊， 当你在永恒的诗行里与时间同久长： 只要人们能呼吸或眼睛看得清， 此诗将永存，并且赐给你生命。陈黎译 2. Geoffrey Chaucer （1340 - 1400） Significance1) “the father of English poetry” (by John Dryden) 2) the founder of modern English 3) the founder of English realistic literature: the
13、 greatest literate before Shakespeare 4) He was the first to be buried in Westminster Abby, for his great contribution to the making of English and literature. Chaucers writing style1) His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness.2) He enriched the poetic forms for the English poetry.3) He is the first
14、 people who made the London vernacular the language of his work thus make it the foundation for modern speech and establishing English as the literary language of the country. General Introduction to The Canterbury Tales (上p.45)Significance1) It was the last of Geoffrey Chaucers works.2) The Canterb
15、ury Tales is Chaucers masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.3) It is one of the landmarks of English literature, perhaps the greatest work produced in Middle English 4) It gives us a true life picture of his time. The work stands as a historical and sociological introduction to the life and times of the late Middle Ages An Analysis of the opening linesAs April comes, the narrator begin
