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1、Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another.Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail, road and water.The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.Copyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606Infrastructure consist
2、s of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines or terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaportsCopyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606Vehicles traveling on the network include automobiles, bicycles,
3、 buses, trains, people and aircraft.Copyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including the financing, legalities and policies.Copyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606In the transport industry, operations, an
4、d ownership of infrastructure, are both public and private, depending on the country and mode.1.Passenger transport may be public or private.2.Freight transport has become focused on containerization, while bulk transport is used for large volumes or durable items.3.Transport plays an important part
5、 in economic growth and globalization, but has a deteriorating impact on the environment.Copyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606A mode of transport is a technological solution that uses a fundamentally different vehicle, infrastructure and operations. The transport of a person or cargo may be by one
6、 or more modes, the latter called intermodal transport. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen for a trip depended on the nature of the purpose, cargo and destination. While transport in air and on water has its own mode, land transport has several modes.Copyright : Prasa
7、n Yedekar : 9820805606Human-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle-power. Like animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance
8、human- power. Many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of lower cost, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available (especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions), and is considered an ideal form of susta
9、inable transportation.Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when enforcing the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for highly encumbering e
10、nvironments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowing and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraftCopyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606Animal-powered transport is the use of working animals (also known as beasts of burden) for the movement of people and goods. Humans may
11、 ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, singly or in teams, to pull (or haul) sleds or wheeled vehicles. Animals are superior to people in their speed, endurance and carrying capacity; prior to the Industrial Revolution they were used for all
12、 land transport impracticable for people, and they remain an important mode of transport in less developed areas of the world.Copyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606Rail transport is the transport of passengers and goods along railways (or railroads), consisting of two parallel steel rails, generall
13、y anchored perpendicular to beams (termed sleepers or ties) of timber, concrete or steel to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and perpendicular beams are usually then placed on a foundation made of concrete or compressed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast to prevent the tra
14、ck from buckling (bending out of its original configuration) as the ground settles over time beneath and under the weight of the vehicles passing above. Copyright : Prasan Yedekar : 9820805606The vehicles traveling on the rails are arranged in a train; a series of individual powered or unpowered veh
15、icles linked together, displaying markers. These vehicles (referred to, in general, as cars, carriages or wagons) move with much less friction than on rubber tires on a paved road, making them more energy efficient.A train consists of rail vehicles that move along guides to transport freight or pass
16、engers from one place to another. The guide-way (permanent way) usually consists of conventional rail tracks, but might also be monorail or maglev. Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate locomotive, or from individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Most trains are powered by diesel engines or by electricity supplied by trackside systems, but other sources of power such as steam engine, horses, wire, gravity,
