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1、International Trade Practices国际贸易实务by Li xupeng(李旭鹏)E-mail:Chongqing University of TechnologyEconomics and Trade School重庆理工大学经贸学院国经系Sept., 2010Content Part 1 Overview Part 2 Terms of International Trade Part 3 International Trade Procedure Part 4 Trade Forms Part 5 WTO and Globalization of Trade参考资料
2、 黎孝先编著，国际贸易实务，外经贸大 学出版社，2000年 叶德万编著，国际贸易实务案例教程， 华南理工大学出版社，2004年 李元旭编著，国际贸易单证实务，清华 大学出版社，2004年 刘秀玲 编著，国际贸易实务与案例 ，清 华大学出版社，2008年 韩常青 编著，国际贸易实务 ，清华大学 出版社，2008年相关网站 中国外经贸 阿里巴巴 商务部 中国国际市场贸易网 中国出口商品贸易网 中国进出口贸易网 中国国际贸易发展网 中国出口商品交易 中国航贸网 Part 1 OverviewBird-eye View,or Tiger-eye View ?Chapter 1 Int
3、roduction to International Trade Chapter 2 Benefits of International Trade Chapter 3 Barriers to International Trade Chapter 4 E-commerce Chapter1 Introduction to International Trade 1.1 What is International Trade? 1.2 Foundation of International Trade 1.3 Why do nations trade? 1.4 Categories of In
4、ternational Trade 1.5 Effectiveness of International Trade1.1 What is International Trade?International trade , also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade , is The fair and deliberate exchange of goods (trade in goods )and exchange of services(trade in services ) across national boun
5、daries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.1.2 Foundation of International Trade In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self- sufficient(自给自足的). Nations have utilized different e
6、conomic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities. 1.3 Why do nations trade? Foreign trade takes place for many reasons. vThe first is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered a
7、round the world. vThe second is that a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. vThird, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. vFinally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. 1.4 Categories of International Trade 1 v
8、isible trade （有形贸易）, involves the import and export of goods and merchandise. 2 invisible trade （无形贸易）, involves the exchange of services between nations. 3 A third very important category is investment , is the means by which nations utilize the capital of other nations to build factories and devel
9、op mines for their own industrial base. In fact, FDI （外商直接投资 ）is now more important than trade as a vehicle for international economic transactions. 1.5 Effectiveness of International Trade two key indicators: balance of trade（贸易 差额） and balance of payments （国际 收支）. A favorable balance of trade（贸易顺差
10、 ） , or trade surplus (贸易盈余): the value of the countrys exports exceeds that of its imports. An unfavorable balance of trade （贸易逆差）, or trade deficit （贸 易赤字）: the value of the countrys imports exceeds that of its exports. The balance of payments（国际收支）:A favorable balance of payments（国际收 支顺差） ; an un
11、favorable balance of payments （国际收支逆差）.Chapter 2 Basic Theory of International Trade 2.1 Specialization 2.2 The labor theory of value 2.3 The Theory of Absolute Advantage 2.4 The Theory of Comparative Cost2.1 Specialization In his original state man was self-sufficient, providing food, shelter and c
12、lothing for his family. There were some things he was more capable of doing than others and that it would benefit him to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly proficient and to leave others to produce the goods that called for skills which he did not p
13、ossess. This was the beginning of specialization . 2.2 The labor theory of value For classical economists , the value of a good is determined by the cost of production , with the relative cost of production of various goods revealed by the labor content (how many hours). This theory is known as the
14、labor theory of value . 2.3 The Theory of Absolute Advantage According to Adam Smith , trade between two nations is based on absolute advantage . The theory of absolute advantage holds a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labor).
15、This theory is illustrated in the following table. Output per man-year of labor Country A Country B Wheat5010Cotton2040From the above table, we can see that a man in Country A can produce 50 units of wheat in a year but only 10 in County B. On the other hand, one man in Country B can produce 40 units of cotton in a year but only 20 in Country A. So C
