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1、高考基础语法复习构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种:合成、转化、派生光明中学高三英语备考组 易文辉一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。1.合成名词名词+名词 cowboy newspaper名词+ing handwriting sunbathinging+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash名词+动词 sleepwalk sunb
2、urn 3. 合成形容词:名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made数词+名词 one-way second-hand.一、合成二、转化:(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.)It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.)Lets go hand in hand.Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean
3、(v.)Her room is clean and tidy.She cleans her room everyday.由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.三、派生 ：1.表示否定意义的前缀dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antiknock(
4、防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)由一个词根加上前缀(改变词义) 或后缀(改变词性)构成另外一个词。2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1) a- 表示“在之上”，“向”aboard, aside,2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间，相互”international, interaction, internet4) mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward6) over
5、-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead, overboard7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取）8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 10) under-, 表示“在下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡) 1re-
6、“又,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry2. co“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker3. super“在上；加之” superman, supermarket3.表示其他意义的前缀:后 缀 例 词名词-ability -age -al -an -cy -er -or -ese -ee -eer -ery -essinability, availableleakage, shortagerenewal, withdrawalAmerican, Koreanprivacy, accuracyfarmer,
7、thinker, painkilleractor, sailor, collectorChinese, Japanese, Portugueseemployee, trustee, intervieweeengineer, profiteermachinery, jewelleryactress, waitress, empress后缀 例 词名词-ful -ian -ist -ism -ment -ness -ship -tion -urearmful, handful, mouthfulEgyptian, Russian, Asian, musicianartist, pianist, c
8、ommunist, scientistsocialism, realism, idealismgovernment, movement, developmentbusiness, illness, darknessfriendship, ownershipinvention, liberation, educationdeparture, failure, exposure后缀 例 词形 容 词- able -al -an -ern -est -ful -ish -ive -y -less -someadvisable, admirable, comfortablephysical, nati
9、onal, politicalAmerican, Italian, Australiansouthern, northern, easternfattest, latest, luckiesthelpful, useful, carefulBritish, English, foolish, childishactive, instructive, expensivecloudy, windy, dirty, sunnycareless, uselesstroublesome, tiresome后缀 例 词动 词-(e)n -fy -ize -atewiden, strengthen, len
10、gthensimplify, beautifyapologize, organize, realizeactivate, motivate后缀 例 词 副 词-ly -down -ward(s)really, badly, perfectly, trulyface-down, palm-down(手掌向下地)towards, forward, outward后缀 例 词 数 词-teen -ty -thfourteen, fifteen, eighteenforty, fifty, eightyfourth, fifth, eighthPractice (I): 从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配
11、构成合成词.book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over emptya.reaching b.case c.minute d.class e.born f. on g.handed h.eat i. sit j. free Practice (II): rain(形容词) _ agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_visit(名词)_ home(形容词) _eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_America(形容词)_ Ch
12、ina(形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainy national recently hopeful visitor eighth Americandisagreefarmer friendly backwards homeless truthChinesePractice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words.With the (1)_ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)_ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffe
13、r different kinds of illnesses because (3)_ air pollution.Air pollution is caused (4)_ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)
14、_ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm (7) _ their health(8)_ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) pollution _ by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.development and of byout factor to but Is caused against
