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1、宾语从句 The Object Clause 1. He said, “I am good at swimming.” 2. He asked me, “ Do you often go to school on foot?” 3. He asked me, “When will you come back?”He said (that) he was good at swimming.He asked me if/whether I often went to school on foot.He asked me when I would come back.一、宾语从句的概念 在复合句中用
2、作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句 。 宾语从句不仅可以用作及物动词的宾语， 也可作介词或某些形容词的宾语。eg. 1. It depends on where you are. 2. I always think of how I can improve my English. 3. We are glad that our basketball team has won the match. 4. I am sorry that you failed in the exam. ： 连 接 词宾语从句三要素语 序时 态二、宾语从句的连接词 1连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子 成分，也无词汇
3、意义，在口语中常被省略。eg.I know (that) you are arriving next Sunday.2连词if 、whether 作“是否”解，在从句中不作句子成分，在 口语中多用if。eg. She asked me if/whether she could copy my homework.He asked me whether or not I was coming.只能用whether不用 if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情 况只能用whether： 与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I
4、was coming. 在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain. 在不定式之前：We havent decided whether to go there.3连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how等 它们起连接作用，并在从句中充当一定的句子 成分，各有自己的意义。 eg. Yesterday, we asked some students what they did last weekend. Can you tell us where he lives? P
5、lease go and find out when the bus will arrive. The teacher asked him how long he has been studying English.Exercise 1:用合适的连接词填空。 1. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who） 2. She said _ she could sing this English song .（that, if） 3. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what) 4. They d
6、ont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether) 5. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) howthatwhatwhetherwhether三、宾语从句的语序 陈述句语序“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分” I think (that) you will like this school soon. Have you decided what you want to do after school? Can you tell me how can I get to the train
7、 station? Can you tell me how I can get to the train station?四、宾语 从句的时 态 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主 句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任 何时态。I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow. Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相
8、应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将 来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. He asked if you had written to Peter. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即 使主句用了过去时，从句仍用一般现在时 。例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.Exercise 21、 I dont know when
9、 _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave2、 Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived3、Do you know _ this time yesterday？ A.what she is cooking B.what is she cooking C.wha
10、t she was cooking D.what was she cooking4、Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for ParisTips:注意事项 1. 否定转移 当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为 第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect（预料）等时，应在主句上加以否
11、定。 I think its a good idea.I _ think it_ a good idea. dont is2. 宾语 从句 的简 化 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”或复合宾语的结构。 He doesnt know how he can get on well with his classmates.=He doesnt know _ _ get on well with his classmates. I think (that) she is a good girl.=I think her a good girl. how to3、宾语从句和 状语从
12、句的区分eg. 1） I dont know if he will come back.2） Ill call you if he comes back.在宾语从句中，将来时仍用将来时态； 在状语从句中，用一般现在时来表示一般将来时。“是否” 宾语从句 “如果” 状语从句1） I dont know when he will come back. 2） Ill call you when he comes back.“什么时候” “当的时候”Were not sure if it _ tomorrow. If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.A. will rain；will rain B. will rain；rains C. rains；rains D.rains；will rainSummary 1、连接词2、语序3、时态4、否定转移5、宾语从句的简化6、宾语从句和状语从句的区分that if/ whether what/ how /why 陈述句语序：连接词+主语+谓语主从句时态呼应（注意客观真理）I think-I dont think疑问词+不定式 复合宾语在状语从句中用一般现在时 代替一般将来时只能用whether的情况 1. whether or not 2. 介词+ whether 3. whether to do
