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1、 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事 实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件 从句中或让步状语从句中)；虚拟语气的概念一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、 建议等 (在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 句、同位语从句)虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相 反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：表示与事实实情况相反条件从句的谓语谓语 形式主句的谓语谓语 形式表示现现在情况过过去式(did) (be常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动动 词词原形(do) 表示过过去情况过过去完
2、成式(had +done)上面4个情态动词态动词 +have done表示将来情况过过去式 (did) should + do were + to do4个情态动词态动词 + do虚拟语气在复合句中的应用虚拟语气：在条件从句中虚拟语气例句 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事 实相反) 2. If it were / should be / were to be sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话
3、，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相 反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事 实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气：在条件从句中虚拟语气二、省略 if 的条件从句当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略 if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he
4、 would try again.Should he fail in the experiment虚拟语气：在条件从句中虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时 ，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容 易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好 。 虚拟语气在复杂条件句中的应用：
5、虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish )，坚持 ( insist )，命令(order, command) , 建议( suggest , advise, propose, recommend )， 要求( demand, request, require, desire, urge), 等。 2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1) 现在：用过去式2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气：在宾语从句中 虚
6、拟语气例句1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好。 5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothesevery week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虚拟
7、语气：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语 气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 (should )+ do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us (should) b
8、e there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 虚拟语气：在宾语从句中 3）He insisted that he was right. 4）The dark clouds suggest that it will rain very soon.虚拟语气 在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一 般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。Id rather (that) you went there now / later.(现在/将来的动作)Id rather (t
9、hat) you had gone there then.(过去的动作)I would rather (that) he came tomorrow than today. I would rather (that) he had come yesterday.虚拟语气：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气句型 “It is important /necessary/ natural / best that （ should ）+ 动词原形 ” 句型“It is strange/ surprising/ amazing/ a pity/ that Should + 动词原形 (不略为佳)” 例句 Its n
10、ecessary that we ( should ) have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she ( should ) do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important that we ( should ) take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 4. Its strange that she should be so selfish. 奇怪的是她竟然如此自私。 5. Its a pity that our team should have lost the match.遗
11、憾的是我们队竟然输了这场比赛。虚拟语气：在主语从句中虚拟语气主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词/名词性从句，表语从句的 谓语动词用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.What he suggested is that we (should) help her out of the trouble as soon as possi
12、ble.虚拟语气：在表语从句中虚拟语气同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿 望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. He gave a request that he (should) be paidmore. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气：在同位语从句中虚拟语气在as if /as though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相 反，用过去式；与
13、过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done) ；表示 与将来事实相反，用过去将来式(would/could+do) 一、as if 连接表语从句she looks / looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的He looks / looked as if he hadn t slept for two days.他看起来似乎是有两天没睡觉了 二、as if 连接方式状语从 句She looks / looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks /
14、 spoke to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。 She walks / walked as if she would fall down.虚拟语气： 在 as if 从句中虚拟语气1. if only 意为若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就 好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;表示过去的情况,应用过 去完成时态;如果是将来的情况,应用过去将来时态If only she didnt drive so fast.If only I had arrived in time!If only I would / could find ou
15、t the truth next week.2. Its (high/right) time thatthat 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do.(should不可省略)Its time that you left here.Its time that you should go to bed.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否 则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时 主句要用虚拟语气 虚拟语气中的几个特例Without / but for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for your help, I couldnt have done it timely.He reminded me of the matter timely; otherwise, I should have forgotten it. It is said that my father might go for business this weekend; in that case I could do whatever I li
