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1、虚拟语拟语 气虚拟语拟语 气的两种用法：1）用来表示说话说话 人的主观观愿望或假想，所说说的是一个条件，不一定是事实实，或与事实实相反。2）虚拟语拟语 气在条件句中应应用比较较多。条件句可分为为两类类，一类为类为 真实实条件句，一类为类为 非真实实条件句。非真实实条件句表示的是假设设的或实际实际 可能性不大的情况。时间时间 从句谓语谓语 形式 主句谓语谓语 形式将来动词过动词过 去式(be用were) should + 动词动词 原形 were to + 动词动词 原形would / should / might / could + 动词动词 原形现现在动词过动词过 去式(be 用 were)
2、would / should / might / could + 动词动词 原形过过去had +动词过动词过 去分词词would / should / might / could have + 动词动词 过过去分词词真实实条件句：用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。句型条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例句：If he coms, he will bring his violin.、 If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.注意：1) 在真实实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，要用sha
3、ll,will.2) 表示真理时时，主句谓语动词谓语动词 不用shall(will)+动词动词 原形，而直接用一般现现在时时的动词动词 形式。If you leave now, you are never going to forget it.（错错）If you leave now, you will never forget it. （对对）非真实实条件句：1) 虚拟语拟语 气可以表示过过去，现现在和将来的情况，时态时态 的基本特点是时态时态 往后推移。a. 与现现在事实实相反的假设设条件从句主句一般过过去时时（be用were）should(would)等+动词动词 原形例句: If th
4、ey were here, they would help you.含义义：They are not here, they cant help you.If I knew his phone number, I would tell you.b. 与过过去事实实相反的假设设条件从句主句过过去完成时时should(would)等+have+过过去分词词例句: If he had come yesterday, I should/would have told him about it.含义义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him abo
5、ut it.If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such a mistake.c. 表示对对将来不大可能发发生的事情的假想例句: If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all rignt含义义：You are not likely to succeed, everything wil
6、l be what it is now.条件从句主句一般过过去时时should/would等+动词动词 原形were+不定式should+动词动词 原形例句： 1If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这这儿的话话，我就跟他谈谈谈谈 。 （事实实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实实：下雪可能性很小，不可能） 3If she were to be
7、 here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这这儿的话话，我就会告诉诉她这这件事的始末。 （事实实：来的可能性很小，不可能）混合条件句（错综错综 条件句）：有时时，主句与从句的动动作发发生在不同的时间时间 ，主句从句谓语动词谓语动词的虚拟语拟语 气形式因时间时间 不同而不同，这这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过过去事实实相反，主句与现现在事实实相反）If it had rained la
8、st night（过过去）, it would be very cold today（现现在）.从句动动作与过过去事实实相反，主句动动作与现现在或现现在正在发发生的事实实不符 。 例句：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习习刻苦的话话，我现现在也会成为为一个工程师师了If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们们通知过过我们们的话话，我们现们现 在就不会来这这里了。从句的动动作与现现在事实实相反，而主句的动动作与过过去事实实不符。 例
9、如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话话，我们们就已经经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识认识 她的话话，他肯定会去问问候她了。虚拟拟条件句的倒装：虚拟拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时时，可省略if， 再把were, should, 或had移到从句的句首，实实行倒装。例如：Were they here now, they could help us.注意：在虚拟语拟语 气从句中，“be”的过过去
10、时态时态 一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例句: If I were you, I would go to look for him.If he were here, everything would be all right.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.虚拟拟条件句中的省略 ：非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗
11、含在副词、介词短语 、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况 下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等。 例如：But for his help, we would not be happy now.要不是他的帮助，我们现在不会这样开心。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned
12、 him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话 人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句He would have finished it. You could have passed this exam. 省略主句If I were at home now. If only I had got it. 特殊的虚拟语拟语 气词词should:1) 在主语语从句中的应应用It is demanded/ necessary/ a pity + that 等结结构的主语语从句，谓语动词谓语动词 用should+ 动词动词 原形，should
13、可省略。It is可用的词词有三类类that(should) dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded,requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等2) 在宾语宾语 从句中的应应用在表示命令、建议议、要求等一类动词类动词 后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, request, insist, demand, command, require+ （should
14、）do等。例如：I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.一想要( desire)，一宁愿( prefer)，一坚坚持( insist)，二命令( order , command)，三建议议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)，四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中，无论论主句谓语动词为谓语动词为 何种时态时态 ， 从句的谓语动词谓语动词 都用：“ should +
15、do“。should可以省略。 例如：He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice.He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice.He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice.He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议议”或“坚坚持要某人做某事”时时，即它们们表示为为“暗示、表明”、“坚坚持认为认为
16、”时时，宾语宾语 从句用陈陈述语语气，不用虚拟语拟语 气。例句：Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （对对）I insisted that you (should) be wrong.I insisted that you were wrong. （对对）（错错）（错错）3) 在表语语从句、同位语语从句中的应应用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词词后面的表语语从句、同位语语从句中要用虚拟语拟语 气，即(should)+ 动词动词 原形。例如：My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the meeting.I make a proposal that we (
