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1、英汉互译翻译技巧词性转换 英语和汉语最大区别之一是英语讲究词性。英语 中的词可分为十大词类（Parts of speech）。其 中和词类转译密切相关的有：名词、形容词、动 词、副词、介词、冠词等。在翻译中，一种语言 里属于某种词类的词并非一定要翻译成另一种语 言的相应词类，而且也不可能这样做。一般地说 ，英汉词性转换有一定规律，比如：英语比较喜 欢多用名词和介词，而汉语则是动词用的多一些 。现将几个关键的词性转移问题列举如下。1 英语名词转化为汉语动词(1) An acquaintance with world history is helpful to the study of curre
2、nt affairs. 读一点世界史对研究时事是有帮助的。 （2） The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star. 发明一样新菜要比发现一颗新星对人类幸福贡献更大。（3） The beauty of the scenery baffles阻挠 description. 景色之美，笔墨难以形容。 （4） There has been a tremendous expansion of nurseries and kindergartens in
3、 both town and villages. 在城市和乡村，托儿所和幼儿园都在大量地增加 。（5） A view of the West Lake can be obtained from this house. 从这所屋子可以看到西湖的景色。（6） Before I was a genius, I was a drudge苦工 . 在我成为天才之前，我曾当过苦工。 （7） He is a lover of Chinese painting. 他爱好中国画。 （8） He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker.他倒是不抽烟的，可他爸爸
4、却一支接一支不停地 抽。 （9） He is a lot better actor than you think he is.他演得比你所预期的要好得多。 2 英语介词或介词短语转化为汉语 动词 (10) I found him at his book when I came into the room.我走进房间，看见他正在看书。 (11) The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路是漫长的，但是我们已经坚定地走上 这条道路。 3 英语形容词转化成汉语动词 (12) We are not content wit
5、h our present achievements.我们不满足于我们现有的成就。(13) They were suspicious and resentful怨 恨的 of him. 他们不信任他，讨厌他。(14) Hussein was a puzzled man. 侯赛因茫然不解。 4 副词转化为动词 (15) Sorry I wasnt in when you rang me up. 很抱歉，你打电话来时，我不在。 5 动词转化为名词 (16) The landing was designed to cut the peninsula半岛 in two. 登陆的目的是要把该半岛一切为二
6、。(17) On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China. 他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。 (18) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人 。 6 形容词转化为名词 (19) They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. 他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。 (20) All th
7、e wounded were sent to the hospital right away. 全体伤员立即送进医院了。 (21) They showed a sympathetic understanding of our problem. 他们对我们的问题表示同情和理解。 7 名词转化为形容词 (22) I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries. 我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。(23) He was still more surprised at the singularity
8、奇特 of the strangers appearance. 他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪，就更加惊异 了。 (24) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of those policies and firmly determined to pursue it. 我们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的 决心继续奉行这一政策。(25) He is a man of cool courage. 他是沉着果敢的人。 8名词用作表语形容词 (26) The garden-party is a great success. 游园会真是圆满极了。(27)
9、 The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了。 (28) They say my story is a yawn呵欠 . 人们都说，我的故事乏味的很。 9 副词转化为形容词 29) He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 (30) “I suppose boys think differently from girls”, he said. “恐怕男孩子的想法与女孩子的想法是不一样的。 ”他说。 10 英语形容词转化为汉语副词 31) At last,
10、 he whispered a hurried good- bye to his host and darted猛冲 toward the door.最后，他匆匆地向主人轻声道别，大步走 向门口。 11 名词转化为副词 32) He had the kindness to show me the way. 他好意地给我指路。(33) I had the fortune to meet him. 我幸运地遇到了他。(34) We found difficulty in solving the housing problem.我们感到住房问题难以解决。 12 非人称主语转换成人称主语 (35) T
11、he thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation.苦难,磨 难 在苦难中，重返故园的念头始终在他心头萦绕着 。 (36) A look of pleasure came to her face. 她脸上显露出愉快的表情。 (37) The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity. 由于人们应用电子计算机，因此促使劳动生产率 突飞猛进 38) Fai
12、lure did not deter him from trying again. 他并不因为失败而放弃尝试。(39) The design is foreign from my thoughts. 我头脑里没有这种打算。 (40) His words sent a quiver颤抖 through my body. 听了他的话，我不禁打了一个寒战。 1）我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。 Our institute is coadministrated by the Education Commission andthe municipal government. (名词转动词) Too m
13、uch exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesi ght of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) 3）由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强 。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名 词) 4）Im all for you opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。（
14、介词转动词） 5The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinesepeople. 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。（动词转名词） 6.In his article the author is critical of mans negligence toward his environment. 作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（形容词转名词）7.In some of the European countries, the people are given the big gest social benef
15、its such as medical insurance. 在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。 （被动语态转主动语态） （8）时间不早了，我们回去吧！ We dont have much time left. Lets go back. (句型转换) （9）学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。 All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physicall y. (名词转副词) 转译成动词1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 3. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation. 4. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 5. He is a good singer. 6. Those small factories are also lavish
