《双语医学课件2-消化系统the digestive system》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《双语医学课件2-消化系统the digestive system（55页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道胃肠道Accessory organsAccessory organs 辅助器官(Para. 1)The organization ofThe organization of the gastrointestinalthe gastrointestinal tracttractWhat are the four layers?What are the four layers? (Concentric layers)(Concentric layers)SublayersSublayersIntr
2、insic Intrinsic nerves (nerves (内神经内神经) )The gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道The submucosal plexus (Meissner plexus)黏膜下层神经丛 （即迈斯纳神经丛） The myenteric plexus (Auerbach plexus)肠肌神经丛 （即奥尔巴赫神经丛) The subserosal plexus 浆膜下神经网丛 What are the three nerve plexuses?唾液 salivasaliva 味蕾 taste budstaste buds 嗅神经 olfactory
3、 nervesolfactory nerves 胃液的分泌the secretion of gastric juicethe secretion of gastric juice 恒牙 permanent teethpermanent teeth 咀嚼 masticationmastication 食管 esophagusesophagus 蠕动 peristalsisperistalsis 外层纵向肌 outer longitudinal layers of musclesouter longitudinal layers of muscles 内层环形肌 inner circular la
4、yers of musclesinner circular layers of musclesMouth and Esophagus 口腔和食道1.Three pairs of salivary glands1.Three pairs of salivary glands1 liter of saliva per day1 liter of saliva per daysalivation 唾液分泌1.Three pairs of salivary glands1.Three pairs of salivary glands1 liter of saliva per day1 liter of
5、 saliva per day2. Autonomic nervous system 2. Autonomic nervous system ( (自主神经系统自主神经系统) )controls salivation.controls salivation.(sympathetic and parasympathetic)(sympathetic and parasympathetic) (But not regulated by hormones)(But not regulated by hormones)salivation 唾液分泌食糜 chymechyme 十二指肠 duodenum
6、 duodenum The stomachs major The stomachs major anatomicanatomic boundaries:boundaries: 食管括约肌食管括约肌 贲门贲门 胃大弯和胃小胃大弯和胃小弯弯 幽门括约肌幽门括约肌 十二指肠十二指肠 What are the functional areas of the What are the functional areas of the stomach?stomach? fundusfundus, body, , body, antrumantrumStomach 胃胃壁 stomach wallstomac
7、h wall 斜肌层 a layer of oblique musclea layer of oblique muscle中环层和外纵层在胃底最薄 The circular The circular andand longitudinal layers of longitudinal layers of muscle muscle are thinnest in theare thinnest in the fundusfundus.胃体和胃窦逐渐变厚 The layers become progressively The layers become progressively thicker
8、 in the body andthicker in the body and antrumantrum. .胃粘膜 the mucosa of the stomachthe mucosa of the stomachStomach 胃1. 血液通过腹腔一支动脉输入胃中 Blood is supplied to the stomach byBlood is supplied to the stomach by a a branch of the celiac artery.branch of the celiac artery. 2. 主动脉沿胃大弯和胃小弯分布 Major arteries
9、lie alongMajor arteries lie along the greater and the greater and lesser curvatures.lesser curvatures. 3. 分叉深入浆膜和肌层branch and penetratebranch and penetrate the the serosaserosa and and muscle layersmuscle layers 4. 形成丰富的侧支循环 form a richform a rich collateral circulation collateral circulationStomach
10、 胃Cardiovascular System: Major Vessels1. renal artery 肾动脉 2.vertebral artery 脊椎动脉3. subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉4. aorta 主动脉 5. coronary artery 冠状动脉6. celiac artery 腹腔动脉7. superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动脉8. lumbar artery 腰动脉9. inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动脉10. gonadal artery 生殖腺动脉 renal artery 肾动脉 ve
11、rtebral artery 脊椎动脉 3. subclavian artery 锁骨下动 脉 4. aorta 主动脉 5. coronary artery 冠状动脉 6. celiac artery 腹腔动脉 7. superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动 8. lumbar artery 腰动脉 9. inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动 10. gonadal artery 生殖腺动脉 A rich circulationstomachliverGastric VeinSplenic Vein静止状态下没有壁张力In resting
12、state, no In resting state, no wall tensionwall tension. .吞咽动作致使底部松弛Swallowing causes Swallowing causes the the fundusfundus to relax. to relax.食物存储在垂直层或斜纤层Food is stored in Food is stored in vertical or oblique layersvertical or oblique layers液体相对快速地流入胃窦Fluids flow relatively quickly down to Fluids
13、 flow relatively quickly down to the the antrumantrum. .蠕动波使胃动力开始增强Gastric motility increases with Gastric motility increases with peristaltic wavesperistaltic waves(蠕动收缩频率)同时受神经和激素活动影响。Influenced by Influenced by neural and hormonal activityneural and hormonal activity. . Gastric Motility 胃运动1. 胃液或
14、胃分泌物gastric juices gastric juices oror gastric secretion gastric secretion2. 粘液、酸、酶、激素和内因子Mucus, acid, enzymes, hormones, Mucus, acid, enzymes, hormones, and intrinsic factorintrinsic factor3.激素被分泌到血液里The hormones The hormones are secreted into the blood.are secreted into the blood.4. 其他胃分泌物直接进入胃腔。T
15、he other gastric secretions into The other gastric secretions into the stomach the stomach lumenlumenGastric Secretion 胃分泌粘液粘液形成一道防护屏障来抵御形成一道防护屏障来抵御酸酸 和和蛋白水解酶蛋白水解酶。Mucus Mucus forms a protective barrier forms a protective barrier againstagainst acid acid and and proteolyticproteolytic enzymesenzymes
16、. .Gastric Secretion 胃分泌1. 1. 胃液的成分取决于其胃液的成分取决于其体积体积和和流动速度流动速度The composition of gastric juice depends onThe composition of gastric juice depends on volume and and flow rate2. 氢和氯, 钠, 钾 的浓度变化 The change of the concentrations ofThe change of the concentrations of hydrogen and chloride, sodium , and potassium3. 3. 分泌的速度和体积在早上为最小值，在分泌的速度和体积在早上为
