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1、Unit 1Living wellStructuresRevising useful structures- Infinitives动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形 ”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以 作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语 、状语或单独使用。 不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己 的宾语、状语等。 动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起 构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 动词不定式的时态与语态主动语态动语态 被动语态动语态一般式进进行式完成式完成进进行式不定式to do to be doneto be doing to have done to
2、 have beendone to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后)(在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示在谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动 作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
3、1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作宾语补足语4. 作定语5. 作状语6. 作表语7. 作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用动词不定式的用法/功能To see is to believe. Its important to learn a foreign language.(1). 主语不定式作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后，用it 作形式主语。My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom.(2). 表语常跟在系动词后面作表语I want to go home. The workers demanded to get b
4、etter pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj. to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, 既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语， 意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start,
5、like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次 的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程； v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区 别并不很严格，如： Then I started to watch English-language TV. Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. 注：begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作 宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差 别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不 定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形
6、 式作宾语，表动作已经发生。 stop to do停下来做另外一件事 stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事 try to do尽力做 try doing试试看 go on to do接着做另外的事 go on doing继续做原来的事The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补五看watch seelook at observenotice三使letmakehave二听listen to hear 一感觉 feelwarn, tell, allow, help,
7、 ask, force等+sb to do sth+sb. do sth.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时，如果 这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介 词后的不定式不带to，相反则带to。(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3). What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to sa
8、y. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定语如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式 中要有介词。 Please give me a pen to write with.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后 面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语常充当原因、结果、目的状语等。I hurried t
9、o the station to see Tom off, only to find he had already left.(7). 独立结构to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when
10、, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子 里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使 用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带 to。如：I dont know what to try next. (作宾语)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)What to do next?Why go there?(8). 带疑问词的不定式短语More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. (2011重
11、 庆) A. to raise B. raisingC. to have raised D. having raised 解析：句意：更多的电视节目要被制作， 目的是引起人们对食品安全的关注。此处 动词不定式作目的状语。 答案：A高考真题Its important for the figures _ regularly. (2011北京)A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated解析：根据语境regularly判断句子说明的是现 在的情况，应该用不定式的一般式，同时 figures与updat
12、e之间为被动关系，所以用动词 不定式的一般式的被动。答案：AThat is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. (2010 上海)A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth 表示做的途径、方式。the only way to do, we can imagine 做定语，前面省略 了that。 答案：BI have a lot of readings _ before the en
13、d of this term. (2010 山东)A. completing B. to completeC. completed D. being completed解析：句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做 很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格 处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings 的定语。 答案：BThere were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010 江西)A. to discover B. to be discovered C. disc
14、overed D. being discovered解析：演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发 生在等待之后, 所以用不定式。 答案：BMany buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. (2010 重庆)A. repaired B. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired解析： the one指代前面提到的buildings与 repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮 可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以 用to be repair
15、ed。 答案：DWe were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁)A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found解析：考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。 答案：B1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathed B. to breatheC. breathing D. being 2. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 3. _ around the Water Cube, we were the
