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1、考研辅导202009年研究生英语入学考试 Text 1Main Contents 1. Quiz 2. 试题具体分析 3. 写作表达词汇 4. 核心词汇 5. 长难句分析 6. 写作佳句 7. Reading of current affaisrs Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit
2、rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication. So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered tha
3、t when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our change by consciously developing new
4、habits. In fact, the more new things we try - the more we step outside our comfort zone - the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, theyre there to stay
5、. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president call
6、s himself the Decider.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that hu
7、mans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most va
8、luable during the first decade or so of life. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything
9、,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will. and Ms. Markovas business partner. “Thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.试题具体分析: 文中人物观点
10、1. In Wordsworths view, “habits” is characterized by being _ .1.A casualAB familiarBC mechanicalCD changeableD按照华兹华斯的观点，习 惯的特点是_ 。随意的熟悉的机械的可能变化的试题具体分析：事实细节2. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be _ .2. A predictedAB regulatedBC tracedCD guidedD脑研究者发现，新习惯 的形成是可以_ 。
11、预测的约束的追踪的引导的试题具体分析：根据上下文猜测词义3. The word “ruts” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to _ .3. A tracksAB seriesBC characteristicsCD connectionsD第四段第 一行的词语ruts 在含义上最接近 _ 。踪迹，辙痕系列特点联系试题具体分析：文中人物观点4. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that _ .4. A ideas are born of a relaxing mindAB innovati
12、veness could be taughtBC decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasCD curiosity activates creative mindsD道娜马尔科娃很可能赞 同的观点是_ 。思想产生于放松的大脑创新力能够被传授果断源于新奇的想法好奇心激发创新思维试题具体分析：推理引申5. Ryans comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing _.5. A prevents new habits from being formedAB no longer empha
13、sizes commonnessBC maintains the inherent American thinking modeCD complies with the American belief systemD道娜马尔科娃很可能赞同 的观点是_ 。阻碍了新习惯的形成不再强调平庸保持了美国人内在的思 维方式与美国的信仰体系一致其他考点题: 词义 1. The word “unreflecting” (Line2, Paragraph 1) is close in meaning to _ . A funny B mindless C relaxing D unconscious其他考点题：
14、写作目的 2. The first two paragraphs are intended to show that _ . A creative thinking stimulates new habits B habit can be viewed in a positive way C good habits should be separated from bad ones D innovation lies in moving beyond the confines of habits其他考点题: 作者观点 3. According to the author, new habits
15、 _ . A tend to replace the old ones B require considerable creativity C lead to excellence in ones work and life D can inspire innovative thinking其他考点题：人物观点 4. Markova seems to believe that _ . A decision is in conflict with innovation B a decider has to learn to be innovative C the way of thinking is shaped by experience D children are often more creative than adults其他考点题：人物观点 5. Ac
