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1、语法与词汇 1. 考试大纲要求： 能灵活、正确地运用教学大纲语法结构表一级至四级的全部内容，掌握大纲规定的基础阶段认知词汇（5500-6000），并且能正确、熟练地运用其中3000-4000个单词及其最基本的搭配。 测试时间为15分钟，题型为多项选择题，共30道题，每题有四个选择项，其中50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法结构题。测试学生运用词汇、短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的能力。语法与词汇项目原始分30分，所占总分比重为15%。语法与词汇 2. 历年考试与考点分析 语法部分 根据下面分析可以发现，历年英语专业四级考试语法与词汇部分中的语法试题主要围绕着10项语法点。其中，考试重点与
2、难点集中在从属分句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、代词、动词时态、情态动词等语法知识点的应用上。题型 年份从属 分句虚拟 语气非谓 语动 词代词动词 时态情态 动词形容 词/副词句子 成分 结构主谓 一致反意 疑问 句限定 词倒装 省略2001412122002521111200363111200443212005222431120063311112111200734231112008612111111200941212212201021121113111从句要点 副词性从句：状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比
3、较状语从句。 形容词性从句：定语从句 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句LOGO时间状语从句时间状语从句-常用的连词 表示“当的时候”：when，while, as, just as, next time (下次)，the last time (上次的时候) 表示时间先后：after, before, when 用于完成时态：by the time, it is the first/second time, hardlywhen，no soonerthan，scarcelywhen, now that, since, ever since时间状语从句-常用的连词 表示习惯性，
4、经常性“每次”：each time, every time, whenever 表示“一旦”：as soon as, once 表示“直到”：the instant, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, until, till时间状语从句-注意事项 1. 1. 时态：时态： I wont have dinner I wont have dinner until my until my mother mother back back. . （comecome） I will discuss this with you when I will
5、discuss this with you when we we . (meet). (meet)时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，若谈论将来的事时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，若谈论将来的事 情，往往用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，用一般情，往往用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，用一般 过去时替代过去将来时过去时替代过去将来时。 (comes, meet)(comes, meet) 2)2) 用于完成时态：用于完成时态：by the time, it is the by the time, it is the first/second time, first/second time, hardlywhe
6、nhardlywhen，no no soonerthansoonerthan，scarcelywhenscarcelywhen, now , now that, since, ever sincethat, since, ever since注意事项 nono sooner sooner 与与hardly/scarcelyhardly/scarcely引导的主句谓引导的主句谓 语动词用语动词用过去完成时过去完成时，而，而thanthan与与whenwhen从句中谓从句中谓 语用语用一般过去时一般过去时。 当把当把no soonerno sooner和和 hardly/scarcelyhardl
7、y/scarcely提到句首提到句首 时，就用倒装语序。时，就用倒装语序。 I had hardly got home when it began I had hardly got home when it began to rain.to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.to rain.注意事项 2.特殊时间状语从句 The police went into action _ they heard the alarm. A. promptly B. pr
8、esently C. quickly D. directly I will telephone you directly/ immediately/ instantly/the moment(the minute, the second) I hear the news.副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间 从句, 相当于as soon as。 注意事项 3. It + be + 时间 + before-clause It was long/one year before she home. (come) It will not be long
9、 before we again. (meet) 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才“ 。 主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就“。 主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was 时， before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before 从句常用一般现在时。 例如：It was a long time _ the guards discovered what had happened.
10、A before B until C since D when真题 60. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. (2009) A. when B. as C. until D. than 56. I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (2008) A. when B. which C. that D. where D A真题 1. Come and see me whenever _. (1997-48) A.
11、 you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to youcLOGO条件状语从句条件状语从句 常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要， only if, once, on condition that (条件是), provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing (that) (多用于问句)，assuming (that), in the event (that), in
12、case (that), given (that)等。条件状语从句注意事项 如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示。例如: As long as I live, I shall work hard. I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework. In the event that our team wins, there will be a big celebration.Only if vs. if only only if 与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有 一种增强主句语势的作用。例如： Only if the
13、case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 2. if only某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as。它可以独立使用，用来表示由于客观 条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能 实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用 虚拟语气。例如： If only I were as clever as you！ 要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！ 注意 Only if置于句首，需要倒装 If only用于虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过 去时，表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去 完成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译 为“
14、要是就好了”真题 1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _that he paid me back the following week. (2005-64) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if 2._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. A. Only if, will B. If only, would C.
15、 Should, will D. Unless, would CA 真题 3. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security. (1996- 41) A. lest B. in case C. unless D other than CLOGO原因状语从句原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now (that), seeing (that), for the reason that, in that, considering that。 原因状语从句 Because, since, as和for because语气最强，强调原因。回答 “why”问句。表原因的强调句型中，也只 用because。在“notbut”结构中， 也用它。 e.g. He decided to giv
