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1、城市增长管理和城市交通规划: 美国波特兰市经验的启示Urban Growth Management and Transportation Planning - Implications of Portlands Experience to Chinese Cities 彭仲仁 博士 Zhong-Ren Peng, Ph.D. Professor and Chair Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of Florida, USA 美国弗罗里达大学终身教授、城市与区域规划系主任 同济大学交通工程学院、特聘教授汇报大纲 Out
2、line 什么是有控制的城市增长？What is Managed Growth in Portland, OR? 在城市增长管理政策引导下城市交通政策和规划 Transportation policy and planning under urban growth management policy 城市交通政策和规划的影响 The impacts 对交通投资和交通堵塞的影响, Impacts on transportation investment and congestion? 对出行者交通行为的影响, Impacts on travel behavior 对用地和房价的影响，Impact
3、s on urban form, land use pattern and housing pricing， 波特兰市在这方面的经验对中国城市又有什么借鉴意义? What can be learned from Portlands experience?什么是波特兰有控制的城市增长？ What is Managed Growth in Portland, OR? 用“城市增长边界”的方式来控制城市增长。Managing urban growth by using Urban Growth Boundary (UGB). 加强高密度和旧城区可利用空地的发展。 Demand high densit
4、y and in-fill land use development. 以公共交通为主、高速公路发展为辅的交通发展 战略。 Favor transit investment over highway expansion.什么是波特兰的“城市增长边界” What is Portlands Urban Growth Boundary?什么是波特兰的“城市增长边界” What is Portlands Urban Growth Boundary?促成波特兰市城市增长控制的主要因素? What contributed to Portlands urban growth management progr
5、am俄勒冈州的土地利用规划系统Oregon land use planning system LCDC 土地保护和发展委员会Land Conservation and Development Commission UGB 城市增长边界 Urban Growth Boundary TPR 交通规划条例Transportation Planning Rule波特兰地区各城市及部门间的协调和整合Strong political coalition in Portland Region Metro 地区政府和大都市规划组织，regional government and MPO 1000 Friend
6、s of Oregon -俄勒冈州的土地利用规划系统的守护者the guardian of Oregon LU planning systemMetro 一个区域性的政府机构 Metro A Regional Government 包含三郡的城市区域Urban portions of 3 counties 460平方英里，130万人口， 460 sq mi. （1191 sq. KM）, 1.3 million people 24 座城市, 24 cities 有执行政策的责任和征税权Operational duties and taxing authority 有选定的议员(一般是7人），执
7、行人员和审计人员Elected councilors (7), executive, and auditor 俄勒冈的1000个朋友组织 1000 Friends of Oregon由前州长McCall 在1975年时成立Created by former Gov. McCall in 1975 “致力于将好的土地利用规划变成现实”“A powerful tool to make good land use planning a reality”使用法律诉讼作为主要的谈判筹码Uses threat of lawsuits as primary bargaining chip 1987的法律诉讼
8、使交通规划法规开始出现并发展1987 lawsuit initiated development of Transportation Planning Rule LUTRAQ(土地利用，交通和空气质量）计划 的研究LUTRAQ Study交通规划法规 Transportation Planning Rule (TPR)作为1974年交通发展目标的加强版在1999年被正式采纳Adopted 1991 as a stronger version of former Transportation Goal (1974)法规强调减少对汽车的依赖Rule emphasizes reduction in
9、reliance on autos 在未来20年内减少20%的总行车历程decrease in VMT within 20 years 在未来30年内减少25%的总行车历程additional 5% reduction in VMT within 30 years 减少10%的停车需求10% decrease in parking spaces2040年增长理念 2040 Growth Concept 包括土地和交通政策以鼓励 Includes land- use and transportation policies that encourage. 有效利用土地 efficient use
10、of land 保护耕地和自然资源 protection of farmland and natural areas 平衡发展交通系统 a balanced transportation system 保证经济健康发展 a healthy economy 提供多种多样的住宅 diverse housing options.2040年增长理念下的交通规划 Transportation Planning 投资重点：公交，尤其是轨道交通，人行道，自行车道 ，以及街道设计 Investment priorities: transit, particularly rail transit, pedest
11、rian, bicycle and street design 限制建设新道路，重点放在利用智能交通技术提高现有 道路管理效率 Cap highway construction but focus on the efficient management of the overall system using Intelligent Transportation Systems. 采用目标导向性规划方式 Goal-oriented planning approach set up a future goal and identify ways to achieve it. 从80年代起就没有大的
12、道路建设 No major highway construction since 1980s.自行车网络规划 Bike Plan 建设安全而便捷的自行车道网，provide a regional network of safe and convenient bikeways, including bike lanes, multi-use paths and bicycle boulevards; 增加自行车出行率 increase the number of bicycle trips throughout the region; 在任何交通项目规划建设中要保障自行车使用者 的权益 ensu
13、re that transportation projects use appropriate design guidelines to accommodate bicyclists; 鼓励自行车使用者和开车者共享道路 encourage bicyclists and motorists to share the road safely. 步行道路规划 Planning for Pedestrians 政策：提供安全、方便、连续的步行环境 Policy focus: to make walking safe, convenient and accessible to all and addre
14、sses the need for continuous sidewalks and safe pedestrian crossings. 重点：改善步行环境，提供连续的步行网络 Priority: improving the walking environment to provide safe, continuous and direct connections between destinations. 目标：提高短途步行的出行比例，提高到公交站 网的可达性和安全性 Goal: to increase the number of people who walk for short tri
15、ps and to improve pedestrian safety and access to transit.东区轻轨路线 Eastside Light Rail Line西区轻轨路线 Westside Light Rail Line南北向轻轨议案 North-south LRT (proposed)机场轻轨 Airport LRT2004年区域框架规划:对系统表现的有条件的预测2004 RTP: A Conditional Forecast of System Performance 改进初期的计划Refinement of an earlier plan 服务标准被放宽LOS sta
16、ndards have been relaxed 非单乘客车辆 模式选择假定Non-SOV mode choice assumptions 三个模式 Three scenarios 财政上受限的 financially constrained 战略上的 strategic 首选的 preferred2004年区域框架规划预测 RTP Forecasts 公共交通和高速公路供给Transit and highway supply 公共交通出行，汽车出行和机动车总历程Transit trips, auto trips, and VMT 交通方式分担率Mode shares 兄弟城市间的比较Peer City comparison
