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1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气4陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet.4祈使语气 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一. 语气的分类4虚拟语气 If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.关于陈述语气 1What will you d
2、o if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4条件 从句If 从句的谓语谓语 形 式主句的谓语谓语 形式现现在过过去未来V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/ might +V (原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. 1.V.+ ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to dowould/could/should /might +V
3、. (原)一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。Eg:1.a. If he were here I would explain to him myselfb. If there were no water on the earth , there would be no life .c. If we had time now , we should (would ) read it again .2. a. If I had seen him yesterday ,I would have asked him for help .b. If I had taken his advice ,I
4、should not have made such a mistake .c. I wouldnt have believed it , if I hadnt seen it happen .3. a. If you dropped the glass , it would break .b. If it were to rain tomorrow ,the sports meeting would be put off .c. If she should come , I would ask her for help.二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时（were
5、）过去: 过去完成时未来: would/could/might +V. shouldI wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rat
6、her that现在:过去:未来:I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + Clause 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing
7、as if it had happened yesterday.They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时(were)Should(不省) +V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to be
8、d.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desireeg; 1. We suggested that Tom have a rest.2. He insisted that I (should) be present3.Th
9、e king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.4.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议议” 或“坚坚持要某人做某事时时”, 即它们们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚坚持认为认为 ”时时,宾宾语语从句用陈陈述语语气。1
10、. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要
11、使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是Without su
12、nlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.含蓄条件句:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不 总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条 件句. I was ill that day .otherwise ,I would have
13、taken part in the sports meet.(副词) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句) Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their output quickly .(独立主 格结构)7. If on
14、ly 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即 (should)+动词原形It is important t
15、hat we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you h
16、ad followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有 should, were, had三个助动词可以把if 省略,并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lak
