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1、高高考考冲冲刺之刺之阅读理解（四）阅读理解（四）第六部分主旨大意主旨大意题型题型解读：主旨大意题在高考阅读理解中出 现的频率很高，因为这类题主要考查考生在 理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、 推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度的概 括或总结的能力。测试点主要体现在对文章 的主题、目的、中心思想的把握以及标题的 选择。命题考点主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两类：一类是 与主题思想(main idea)和作者意图有关的题 型；一类是和标题有关的题型( topic或title)。常见的设问方式有： 标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage？W
2、hats the topic of the text ?大意类：The text is mainly about _. The topic/subject discussed in the passage is _ . From the passage，we can conclude that _ . Which of the following best expresses the main idea？/ Whats the main idea of the text ? What does the passage mainly discuss? Which of the following
3、 can best summarize the main idea of this text？ From the passage we learn that _. 作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？ The writers purpose is that _. In the passage the writer argues that _.解题策略 （1）把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题 高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构： 时间顺序。按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发 展过程，属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段。
4、 “总说分述”结构。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明 或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。 最典型的是新闻报道类文章，此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅 读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式：城市名称(新 闻社)新闻内容。掌握一些国际知名新闻社的英文名称是 必要的，路透社Reuters，美联社Associated Press，法新 社Agence France Presse。 “分述总说”结构。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。属于 这种结构的文章主题在末段。（2）寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想不是所有的文章都有主题句，但是对于大部分有主 题句的文章来说，主题句表达了文章的中心思想， 找到了
5、主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。根据 主题句呈现的形式可以用以下方法：读首句抓大意。 说明文、议论文等多采用这种结 构，文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此 ，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需研究文章的首句 。 【例题】 Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to stealSuch a person is not really a thiefThey are sick and cannot help themselvesAll small children act naturally and
6、 as they grow up they normally learn to control their actionsPeople with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to themWith medical help they may become normal citizens againThe things that a kleptomaniac steals are
7、seldom of great valueThey often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them Question：What is the topic of the text？ AYoung ThievesB An Unusual Illness CReasons for Stealing DA Normal Childs Actions 【解析】该题的答案，就是由文章第一句话 而得，答案为B。读尾句抓大意。 有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇 的总结。 【例题】On the n
8、ight of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violinEveryone was astonished to see him There was just one problemMerlin had no way to stop his roller skaterHe rolled on and onSuddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall Down fell the mirror，breaking to pieces Nobody fo
9、rgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time！ Question：What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph？ AThe roller skates needed further improvement BThe party guests took Merlin for a fool！ CMerlin succeeded beyond expectation DMerline got himself into trouble 【解析】这段文字从Merlin入场
10、的细节开始叙述， 到最后一句做了总结：“大家很长一段时间都没有忘 记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想 不到的成功。答案为C。 读首尾段抓大意。 有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这 种结构是为突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方 法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同， 而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。 【例题】As prices and building costs keep rising，the“do-it-yourself”（DIY）trend（趋势 ）in the UScontinues to grow John and Jim are not unu
11、sual peopleMost families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of livingIf you want to become a“do-it-yourself”，you can go to DIY classes And for those who dont have time to take a course，there are books that tell you how you can do things yoursel
12、f Question：What would be the best title for the text？ AThe Joy of DIYBYou Can Do It Too！ CWelcome to Our DIY Course！ DRoss and Hatfield：Believers in DIY 【解析】读文章第一段和最后一段会发现答 案是B。 从段落中抓大意。 有些文章或段落的主题句居中，这种文章或段落往 往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出 现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 【例题】In the 1930s，a lot of people in the USA were
13、out of workAmong these people was a man named Alfred ButtsHe always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called“Lexico” However，he was not completely satisfied with the game，so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from“Lexico”to“Alph”and the
14、n to“Criss Cross”He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial（商业性的）success Question：The text is mainly about _ ALexico Bthree men Ca word game DAlfred Butts 【解析】根据这一段落中间部分的叙述，我们能推 断出答案是C。 归纳要点抓大意。 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。 这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的 线索来概括总结主旨
15、大意。 【例题】In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat Frightened？You shouldnt be，because these brains are only a kind of food，which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition（营养） Brains as a kind of food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan，an artist whose mother had been ill for a long timeTo help her become well again ，he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup（汤 ）made of meat，vegetables and a number of Chinese medicinesRice wine was also used in the soup to help illness caused by old ageFus soup became the talk of the town
