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1、Chapter VI Chapter VI Material HandlingMaterial Handling Outline-1Outline-1Part I Part I Material Handling SystemMaterial Handling System Overview of materials handling systemClassify of materials handling systemsMechanized materials handling systemsSemi-automated materials handling systemsAutomated
2、 materials handling systems Information-directed materials handling systems Outline-2Outline-2Part II Mechanized Material Handling Equipment Overview of materials handling equipmentTypes of materials handling equipment lift trucks towlines two tractor with trailers conveyors carouselsPart III Supple
3、mentary ReadingTotal U.S. Consumption of Material Handling IndustryPart I Material Handling SystemIntroduction of material handling system Materials handling equipment and systems often represent a major capital investment for an organization. Like the decisions related to the number, size, and loca
4、tion of warehouses, materials handling can affect many aspects of the firms operation.The Materials Handling Institute, an industry trade association for manufacturers of materials handling equipment and systems, has estimated that:The hardware and software used to move, store, control, contain, and
5、 unitize materials in factories and warehouses exceed $50 billion annually. Types of Material Handling SystemMaterial handling system can be classified as mechanized, semi- automated, automated, and information-directed. A combination of labor and handling equipment is utilized in mechanized systems
6、 to facilitate receiving, processing, and/or shipping. Generally, labor constitutes a high percentage of overall cost in mechanized handling. Much of the growth in size and variety of the market is fueled by major changes in the requirements of warehouse and distribution operations (e.g., reduced or
7、der cycle times, reduced inventory levels, reduced order sizes, SKU proliferation).Automated systems, in contrast, attempt to minimize labor as much as possible by substituting equipment capital investment. When a combination of mechanical and automated systems is used to handle material，the system
8、is referred to as semi- automated. An information-directed system applies computerization to sequence mechanized handling equipment and direct work effort. Mechanized handling systems are most common, but the use of semi-automated and automated systems is increasing. The main drawback to automated h
9、andling is lack of flexibility. One factor contributing to low logistical productivity is that information-directed handling has yet to achieve its full potential. This situation is predicted to be dramatically changed during the first decade of the 21st century.Mechanized materials handling systems
10、Mechanized materials handling equipment has been the mainstay of the traditional warehousing and will likely continue to be important even with the move toward automated warehousing. Mechanized materials handling systems employ a wide range of handling equipment. Such equipment can be categorized ac
11、cording to the functions performed; that is, storage and order picking, transportation and sorting, and shipping. Semi-automated materials handling System Mechanized handling is often supplemented by semiautomatic equipment. Typical equipments utilized in semi-automated handling systems includes aut
12、omated guided vehicle systems(AGVS), computerized sortation, robotics and various forms of live racks.Automated materials handling SystemFor several decades the concept of automated handling has offered great potential. Initial automated handling efforts focused on master carton order selection syst
13、ems. Recently, emphasis has shifted to automated high-rise storage and retrieval systems. The appeal of automation is that it substitutes capital equipment for labor. In addition to requiring less direct labor, an automated system operates faster and more accurately than its mechanized counterpart.
14、Table 6-1 shows the benefits of automated materials handling systems.Table 6-1 benefits of automated materials handling systemsBenefitProportion of respondents that “agree” or “strongly agree”Labor cost reduction98.8%Ability to increase output rate95.2%Improvement in consistency of service92.1%Reduc
15、tion in materials handling92.1%Increased accuracy level89.5%Service availability87.0%Improvement in speed of service81.0%Source: Koft Q.Dadzie,and Wesley J. Johnston,“Innovative Automation Technology in Corporate Warehousing Logistics,”Journal of Business Logistics,2,no.1(1991),p.76.Information-Dire
16、cted materials handling Systems. The concept of information-directed is appealing because it combines the control typical of automated handling with the flexibility of mechanized systems. Information-directed systems use mechanized handling controlled by information technology. Two common examples of information-directed materials
