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1、转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标 语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词 类、句型和语态等进行转换。 在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、 动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介 词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。 在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、 宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把 定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。 在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合 句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。 在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态 。 词类的转译 Conversion 英译汉时的词类转换能使译文流畅,表意确切 。为了使译文既忠于原文又符合汉语习惯,翻 译时不能一味拘
2、泥于某些词汇在原文的词性, 必要时应该采取词类转换的方法,将原词类进 行适当的转换。 1:转译为动词 (一)名词转译为动词 A) 一些习语中的主体名词可以转成动词, 如: 这类习语有: have a rest, go for a walk, show a resemblance to, catch a look, make a claim to, pay attention to, have an effect on, in answer to, by means of依靠, with a view of以为目的 1. We wouldnt have any idea when the boy
3、 was born. 我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。 2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can. 我不但原谅你对我的不忠实,还要尽力为你效 劳。B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词 1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。 C) 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词 1. Vietnam War wa
4、s a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。 2. In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of Americas most serious social problems. 事实上,滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社 会问题之一。D) 由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词 1. His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chain- smoker. 他父亲根本不抽烟,他抽起烟来却一根接一根。 2. I am an amateur actor. He is a b
5、etter player than I . 我是个业余演员,他演得比我好。翻译练习:名词动词 1) After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. 完成目前任务后,还有更艰巨的任务。 2) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感激父亲,因为在我小时候他总是不断 地鼓励我。 二. 介词转译成动词 1. He went to the shop
6、for a bottle of wine. 他去小店买了一瓶酒。 2. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午,她回家吃午饭。 3. He came to my home for help. 他来到我家, 请求帮助。 4. He came to me with a luggage. 他拿着行李向我走来。 5. Im all for your opinion. 我完全赞成你的意见。 6. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge bui
7、lding. 他们沿着大街走去,经过一家家店铺,穿过 一个宽阔的广场,然后走进一幢大楼。 1. It was a very informative meeting. 会上透露了很多信息。 2. The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions. 经理感谢顾客们提出的宝贵意见。三. 形容词可以转译成动词 1) He is too ignorant of the ways of the world. 他太不懂世道常情了。 2) We are hopeful of success in this exper
8、iment. 我们希望这个实验能成功。 3) This house is unheated and unfurnished. 这座房子没有暖气设备,也没有任何家具。四. 连词转译成动词1. They will return in 60 days or two months. 他们60天后, 也就是2个月后回来。 2. Winter is the fourth and last season in a year. 冬季是一年中第四个也是最后一个季节。 3. The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. 距离是4公里,折合(即)2.4856里。五
9、. 副词转译成动词 1. Our holiday is three weeks away. 离我们的假期还有3个星期。 2. When will your mother be back? 你妈妈什么时候回来? 3. The boy told me that his father was out. 那个男孩告诉我他的父亲出去了。 4. That day he was up before sunrise. 那天他在日出前就起来了。Translate the following sentences: 1. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it
10、a triumph. 2. He was a regular visitor. 3. He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent. 1. 无论什么事,只要他一露面,就算成功了。 2. 他经常来。 3. 他瞧了一下,表示他听到了,但并没有表示同意还 是不同意。2 转译成名词 英语中好多由名词派生出来的动词,以及由名词转用的动词, 在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名 词。 1. Formality has always characterized their relat
11、ionship. 他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待 。 2. The man looked and talked a little wildly. 那男子的神情和言谈有些不可思议。一:动词转译成名词汉译英: 由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国 力有了明显的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词) 有些英语被动句式中的动词,可以译成“受到( 遭到)+ 名词” Sev
12、eral buildings around the square were damaged. 广场附近的几幢建筑物遭到了毁坏。 The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词 转名词)二、形容词转译成名词 有些英语的形容词前加定冠词时,其功能就相当于名词, 译时将其转译成名词。还有一些形容词充当表语时,为了 行文方便,转译为汉语的名词。 1. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽
13、了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 2. Tom was eloquent and elegant but soft. 汤姆有口才、有风度,但很软弱。三、副词转译成名词 由名词派生出来的副词,如译成汉语时很难找 到对应词,而酌情将其译成名词。 1.Originally Ingrid Bergman was from Sweden. 英格丽.褒曼的原籍是瑞典。 2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally. 他身体强健,但智力差。 3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the mee
14、ting. 官方宣布,巴黎方面被邀请出席会议。 3 转译为形容词 一、副词转译为形容词 有些副词是形容词派生出来的,翻译时如副词所修饰的 动词转译为名词,那么副词亦转译为形容词。如: He was deeply impressed by what they did at the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 She stupidly answered such a question. 她真笨,竟然回答了这样一个问题。 The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对
15、人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。 二、名词转译为形容词 有时名词在句子中充当表语,前面通常有冠词,译时 可以转换为形容词。 Oh, she is all gentleness, kindness, goodness! 她真是最温柔,最体贴,最善良了! Now the little girls happiness was complete. 现在小女孩真是快乐到了极点。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。4 转译为副词 一、名词转译为副词 I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 我荣幸地通知您,您的请求已得到批准。 We set out in great haste for Venice. 我们匆匆忙忙地动身来到威尼斯。 The man nodded with satisfaction. 那人满意地点了点头。 二、形容词转译为