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1、虚拟语气 ( Subjunctive Mood )语气是动词的一种形式。 它表示说话者对所指的动 词或状态所持的态度,而 且在谓语动词上有所体现 。语气分三种:陈述语气; 祈使语气;虚拟语气。1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实 或就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中 。He could swim, but he didnt jump into the water to save the boy. 2. 祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方 提出请求，劝告或命令。Shut the window before leaving. 3. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能
2、 发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反 的假设等。If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky. 重点：重点： 一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用。一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用。（掌握主从句的谓语动词形式）（掌握主从句的谓语动词形式） 二虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用二虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用(should + V) (should + V) 。 三三. . 虚拟语气几个特殊句式。虚拟语气几个特殊句式。一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中 的使用如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可 能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真 实条件句，即虚拟条件句。 1与现
3、在的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：过去式（be只用were） 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.If he came here, he might be able to help you.高考例题 1） (1984年高考) If there were no subjunctive mood, English_ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 答
4、案: D2与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：had + p.p. 主句：would(should/ could / might)+have + p.p. She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.If she hadnt called me, I should have overslept this morning.2） (1993年高考) If he _, he _ that food. Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned;
5、would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have warned; had not taken 答案: B3与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式或should / were to+动词原形 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原 形 If I were to be 20 years old next year, I should take the course of computer science.
6、If it should fail, I would try again.What would happen if the earth stopped turning? 3） If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office.A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come 答案: C虚拟语气 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相 反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：表示与事实实情况相反条件从句的谓语谓语 形式主句的谓语谓语 形式表示现现在情况过过去式(did) (be常用 we
7、re)Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动动 词词原形(do) 表示过过去情况过过去完成式(had +done)Would / could / might / should +have done表示将来情况过过去式 (did)(were) should + do were to doWould / could / might / should + do 注： 1. 在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是 需要倒装（从句位于主句前） If he had been warned, he would not have taken that fo
8、od. =Had he been warned, he would not have taken that food. What would happen if the earthstopped turning? =What would happen if the earth were to / should stop turning? =Were the earth to stop turning, what would happen? =Should the earth to stop turning, what would happen?4）_ he would have succeed
9、ed in the examination.A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hardC. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard 答案: A2某些介词without / but for等或连词 otherwise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。 Without air, we would not live even for five minutes.=If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes.But for your help,
10、 I wouldnt have finished the work so early. He was busy, otherwise he would have hepled you. 5） (1991年高考) Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 答案: D 6） (2001年上海春招) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a go
11、al.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 答案: D3当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在 同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now. 过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去 事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相 反的说法。(2002年上海) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at th
12、e age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 答案: B 二虚拟语气在名词性从句中的 使用 1在动词order / demand / insist / command / advise / suggest / request / require / decide / ask / recommend 等词后的宾语从句中谓语动 词用（should）+动词原形。 Janes uncle
13、 insisted that she not stay in the hotel.The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.注：suggest / insist等后面有时也不用虚拟语气 。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill.He insisted that he was right. 9）(1987年高考) The judge ordered that the thief _ punished.A. would be B. should be C. was t
14、o be D. must be 答案: B10）(1997年高考) Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 答案: B2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用(1) It + be + suggested / ordered / demanded / required / requested / planned / ar
15、ranged / +that从句 (should +动词原形)It was suggested that Jane (should) have a medical examination. (2). It + be + important / desirable (理想的) / better / strange / necessary / surprising / +that从句 (should +动词原形)It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion. (3). It is a pity / a matter of regret / wonder / shame+ +that从句 (should +动词原形)3. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用名词suggestion / proposal(建议) / order / advice / demand 等可以接名词性从句,从 句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气, (should )+动词原形. My suggestion is that you (should) send a few soldiers to help them.He makes th
