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1、(一)第一章 从实验学化学(45分钟 100分)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、选择题(本题包括12小题，每小题4分，共48分)1(双选)下列关于蒸馏操作的有关叙述正确
2、的是( )A蒸馏操作的主要仪器有：蒸馏烧瓶、铁架台、冷凝管、锥形瓶、牛角管、温度计B蒸馏操作使用的温度计的水银球应插入液体内C在蒸馏烧瓶内放入少量碎瓷片，目的是防止暴沸D冷凝管中进出水的方向是下进上出Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyr
3、ight 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【解析】选C、D。蒸馏过程中一定要用酒精灯；蒸馏操作中所用的温度计的水银球的位置应在蒸馏烧瓶支管口处。蒸馏时应注意垫石棉网加热蒸馏烧瓶，水银球与支管口相平，需加碎瓷片防暴沸，热气冷水逆向行，先撤酒精灯，再停水，故C、D正确。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0
4、. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2如果1 L硫酸溶液中含有6.021023个H+，则该硫酸的浓度是( )A2 mol/L B1.5 mol/LC1 mol/L D0.5 mol/L【解析】选D。6.021023个H+是1 mol H+，因1 mol H2SO4含2 mol H+，所以H2SO4物质的量是0.5 mol，浓度是0.5 mol1 L=0.5 mol/L。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides
5、for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3.下列说法正确的是( )A.N2的摩尔质量为28 gB.17 g NH3的物质的量是1 molC.22.4 L N2的物质的量为1 molD.标准状况下NH3的体积为22.4 L【解析】选B。N2的摩尔质量为28 g/mol，标准状况下22.4 L气体的物质
6、的量为1 mol。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4.(2011杭州高一检测)实验室里需要480 mL 0.100 molL-1的CuSO4溶液，以下配制操作正确的是( )
7、A称取7.68 g CuSO4，加入500 mL水B称取12.0 g胆矾，配成500 mL溶液C称取8.0 g CuSO4，配成500 mL溶液D称取8.0 g胆矾，配成500 mL溶液Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 20
8、04-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【解析】选C。配制480 mL CuSO4溶液，需用500 mL的容量瓶，故需CuSO4的质量为0.100 molL-10.5 L160 gmol1=8.0 g，需胆矾 (CuSO45H2O)的质量为0.100 molL-10.5 L250 gmol1=12.5 g，故选C。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli
9、ent Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5(2011西安高一检测)下列实验操作均要用到玻璃棒，其中玻璃棒的作用相同的是( )过滤 蒸发溶解 向容量瓶转移溶液A.和 B.和C.和 D.和【解析】选D。玻璃棒的作用：(1)用于搅拌，蒸发时防溅，溶解时促溶，和作用相同；(2)转移液体，引流，和作用相同。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
10、Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.6学习和研究化学，经常要进行实验。下列关于实验安全的说法正确的是( )A.用燃着的酒精灯去点燃另一只酒精灯B做水的蒸馏实验时，要在烧瓶里加几粒沸石以防止暴沸C不慎把浓硫酸洒到皮肤上要立即用氢氧化钠溶液冲洗D盛放盐酸的试剂瓶上要贴上如图的标志Evaluation only.Evaluation onl
11、y. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【解析】选B。不能用燃着的酒精灯去点燃另一只酒精灯，否则易引起火灾，A错误；不慎把浓硫酸洒到皮肤上要立即用大量水冲洗，再涂上小苏打溶液，C错误；盐酸为腐蚀品，不是剧毒品，D错误。 Evaluation
12、 only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7.在溴水里加适量四氯化碳，振荡静置后，可观察到的现象是( )A.无明显现象B.分层，上层液体呈橙红色C.分层，下层液体呈橙红色D.分层，下层是呈紫红色的固体【
13、解析】选C。因Br2易溶于CCl4，而CCl4难溶于水且比水的密度大，所以在溴水中加入CCl4后，液体分为两层，下层为溴的四氯化碳层，呈橙红色。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt
14、d.8(双选)下列配制的溶液浓度偏高的是( )A配制盐酸溶液用量筒量取盐酸时仰视刻度线B配制盐酸溶液定容时，仰视容量瓶刻度线C称量4 g NaOH 配制0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液1 000 mL时，砝码错放左盘DH2SO4稀释后未经冷却即注入容量瓶配制Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2
15、004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【解析】选A、D。用量筒量取盐酸时仰视刻度线，量取的盐酸多，浓度偏高，A符合题意；定容时仰视刻度线，溶液实际已超过刻度线，体积偏大，浓度偏低，B不符合题意；天平称量时，若不用游码，物、码错放对质量的测量无影响，浓度不变，C不符合题意；因H2SO4稀释放热，未冷却到室温就将溶液转移到容量瓶并定容，温度降低后体积变小，此时液面不到刻度线，体积偏小，浓度偏高，D符合题意。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slid
16、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.【方法技巧】定量仪器的读数对量筒内液体读数或对容量瓶内液体定容时，眼睛的视线应与液体凹液面的最低点相平，否则读数存在误差。(1)量筒：量筒的小刻度在仪器的下方，因此仰视时读数偏小，俯视时读数偏大。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created wi
