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1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句的特点:用来修饰或限定一个名词,并放在名词之后. 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作 用: 1 引导定语从句,起引导词作用.2 代替被修饰词.3 在从句中充当句子成分:关系代词 that,which,who 在从句 中作主语宾语; whom作宾语; whose 作定语.关系副词 where,when,why 在句 中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语. 定语从句的种类:限定性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句。 限定性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定 作用,是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信 息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么 事,在这样的从句中
2、不使用逗号. 非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中 的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息, 我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁,什么事,这样 的从句使用逗号.the handsome the tall the strong the clever the naughtyboyThe boy is Tom. The boy who is handsome is Tom. The boy who is tall is Tom. The boy who is strong is Tom The boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.The boy
3、 is Tom. The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who) everyone likes is kind.(宾语) The
4、 woman got the job. We saw her on the street. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.关系代词:1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who
5、steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.applethe red the green the small the bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which
6、 is green is big. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night. Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night. Can you lend me the book about w
7、hich you talked last night? Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were plantedlast year.This recorder （which） he is using is mad
8、e in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books? that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.He is the man (that) I
9、told you about. 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whomtha
10、t(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belo
11、ngs to him.(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much ,none,the one等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, few, just, right, the very, the same, the last修饰时。(5)当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。They talke of persons and things (that) they rem
12、ember in the school. (6)当先行词指物,在句中作表语。This is the book that you borrowed . (7)主语前有 who,whom时 (8)在 there be或 there live 结构中，先行词指 物时There is a book on the desk that I am interested in. (9)在 way 方法后,常用 that 代替 how,in which 结构That was the way (that) he did it. (10) time 表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。(11)先行词前有 the same
13、修饰时或当先行词和关 系代词指同一个人或物时。This is the same man that/ who I told you. (12)当疑问词 who,which,what 开头的疑问句为避 免重复用 that. 只用which不用that的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)当关系词前有介词时The room in which my family live . (3)当先行词本身为 that 时.That which you told him about is what we want to know.当先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day, night)关系代
14、词代替先行词在定语从句中做时 间状语，一般用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用 介词 + which的结构。但应注意的是 which 前介词的选择应根据先行词而定. Eg: The day when was born was Aug,20,1998.The day on which he was born was Aug, 20,1998. 当先行词是表示地点的名词 (country,room,school) 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做地点状语,一 般用where引导定语从句，也可以用介词 + which 的结构. Eg: The desk where I put my bag is t
15、his.The desk on which I put my bag is this.why指原因，引导定语从句 He cant give the reason why he likes watching Tv. way后面的的定语从句有三种情况: 在比较正式问题中用 in which 一般情况用 that In which 和that都可省略 one of +复数名词中,关系代词引导的从句中的 谓语动词用复数,但如果one前有 only,exactly等修饰one时,谓语动词用单数 。 Eg: This is one of the most interesting questions tha
16、t have been asked.This is the only one of questions that has been asked.表示人的关系代词 who在口语中可代替 whom,但关系代词前有介词时, 只能用 whom，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以 用。 Eg:Here is the girl who/whom we have been looking for.Here is the girl for whom we have been looking . 关系代词 as引导的定语从句 A, as引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与 the same，such， so等连用，在句中作 主语，宾语，表语等。Eg: Such peole as
