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1、Long Days Journey into Night by Eugene ONeill American Drama- OverviewBegins in the American colonies in the 17thC to the present Before the mid-18th century: - little theatrical activity : 19th century- British influence; - melodrama (the most pervasive dramatic genre of 19th C; typically overflowi
2、ng with emotion, set in mysterious locations, and peopled with stereotypical characters: heartless villains, heroines in distress, and strong heroes who faced almost insurmountable odds in rescuing those heroines.) American Drama- Overview- American drama was not born til the end of W.W I.late-19th-
3、century and early 20th century - psychological realism in European theater (Ibsen). - American playwrights began to move in the direction of Ibsen. 1900s- Realism: dominant trend of the 20th C American drama- New levels of psychological realism (Ibsen); experimental devices of the expressionists (St
4、rindberg)Three giants -the best of Am. theatre in the 20thCEugene ONeill: Americas first dramatist of world stature; before him, Am. drama was considered of minor significance; revolutionized Am. theatre by inspiring other playwrights to write serious and challenging scripts for the stage.Tennessee
5、Williams: most important dramatist after W.W.II.Arthur Miller: along with Tennessee Williams, led the postwar new dramaEugene ONeillAmericas greatest playwright American Shakespeare4 times Pulitzer Prize winnerNobel Prize (1936)Major WorksEarly Phase Bound East for Cardiff (1916) In the Zone (1917)在
6、这一带 The Long Voyage Home (1917)漫长的返航 The Moon of the Caribbean (1918) 加勒比的月亮Major WorksSecond Phase The Emperor Jones(1920) 琼斯皇帝 Anna Christie(1921)安娜.克里斯蒂 The Hairy Ape (1922)毛猿 Desire under the Elms (1924) 榆树下的欲望Major WorksSecond Phase (2) Strange Interlude (1928)奇妙的插曲 Mourning Becomes Electra (19
7、31) 悲悼 Ah, Wilderness (1933) (the only comedy)啊，荒野Major WorksLast and Best PhaseThe Iceman Cometh (1946)卖冰的人 来了 Long Days Journey into Night (1956) A Moon for the Misbegotten (1957) A Touch of the Poet (1958)Artistic featuresSymbolismExpressionismNaturalisticThere is always some degree of tragedy an
8、d personal pessimism.Long Days Journey into NightPlot Summary Setting: the summer home of the Tyrone family, August 1912; begins in the morning and ends late at night on the same day. (4 acts)painful disclosures and hostile exchanges among 4 family members, Marys going back to morphine addictionJami
9、es continued descending into irreversible dissipationEdmunds tuberculosis and must enter a sanatorium. James Tyrone the father, a financially successful and handsome actor snobbish, obsessed with money ,owning property, always looking for bargains, even at the expense of his familys health. His wife
10、s morphine addiction and his sons wasteful lives have made him both resentful and angry. unable to escape the accusation of his sons, who hold him partly responsible for their mothers drug addiction.Mary TyroneMary Tyrone, the mother;addicted to morphine for years, and has been in out of sanitariums
11、;She escapes into an idealized version of her girlhood at a convent school, with dreams of becoming a nun or a concert pianist;She finds the real world lonely and depressing, offering little hope or joy;She cannot deal with unpleasant truths;Jamie Tyronethe older son, shows physical signs of dissipa
12、tion;an unapologetic drunk, failing at everything;a womanizer;acid cynicism and sneering manner;mocks his father at every turn, blaming his miserly ways for most of the family problems;protect but also corrupt his brother;to shape his brother in his own image;nothing but a free-loading, ungrateful b
13、um;Edmund Tyroneyounger son, shares his moms nervousnessa fledging journalist, also a poetbeing ill with tuberculosismore of an intellectual than his brotherwith a morbid view of life that his father finds deeply distressinga special bond with JamieThemesAlienation and LonelinessDeceptionGuilt and I
14、nnocenceMemory and ReminiscenceMoral Corruption Alienation and LonelinessMost estranged and alienated of all is Mary. Her struggle with her addiction is desperately lonely, most of the time beyond the others understanding or sympathy. She talks at length of her isolation, placing much blame on Tyron
15、e for the itinerant life his acting career imposed on them. Under the influence of morphine, Mary drifts into her idealized past, cut off from the pain of her current life.DeceptionDeceptive masks are worn early in the play in an effort to evade unpleasant truths. The other members of the family try to keep Mary from knowing that Edmund is seriously ill, and Mary obviously attempts to deceive herself with the comforting belief that Edmund is only suffering from “a summer cold.” Mary also attempts to hide her relapse into drug use with pathetic excuses that simply deepen the family
