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1、Computer English Unit 2 Computer Architecture1Section A Computer Hardware2计算机专业英语. Introduction （引言）Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into thre
2、e categories: input, output, and storage. Components in these categories connect to microprocessors, specially, the computers central processing unit (CPU), the electronic circuitry that provides the computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called a bus.计算机硬件是与计算机的功能
3、有关的设备，包含可用物理方 法处理的部件。这些部件的功能一般地可分为三类：输入、输 出和存储。这些类型的部件都连接到微处理器更确切地来说 是计算机的中央处理器（CPU），中央处理器是通过电线或称为 总线的电路来提供计算能力和计算机控制的电子电路。3计算机专业英语Software, on the other hand, is the set of instructions a computer uses to manipulate data, such as a word-processing program or a video game. These programs are usually
4、 stored and transferred via the computers hardware to and from the CPU. Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device. The interaction between the input and output hardware is controlled by software called the Basic Input Output S
5、ystem (BIOS) software.另一方面，软件是计算机用于操作数据的指令集合，比如一 个字处理程序或一个视频游戏。这些程序通常被存储到内存中 并通过硬件传输到中央处理器或从中央处理器传出。软件还可 以管理硬件的使用方式，比如如何从存储设备检索信息。输入 和输出硬件之间的交互是由称为基本输入输出系统的软件控制 的。4计算机专业英语Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with com
6、puter software. Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware.尽管微处理器从技术上来说仍被认为是硬件，但它 们的部分功能也与计算机软件有关。因为微处理器具 有硬件和软件方面的功能，它们通常被称为固件。5计算机专业英语. Input Hardware (输入硬件）Input hardware consists of external devicethat is , components outside of
7、 the computers CPUthat provide information and instructions to computer. A light pen is a stylus with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computers video screen or to select information on the screen by pressing a clip in the light pen or by pressing the light pen against the su
8、rface of the screen. The pen contains light sensors that identify which portion of the screen it is passed over.输入硬件包含一些外部设备，即计算机中央处理器之 外的部件，它们能为计算机提供信息和指令。光笔是 一种带有光敏感笔尖的输入笔，它可用来在屏幕上直 接画图或通过按压光笔上的夹子或对着屏幕按压光笔 来选择屏幕上的信息。光笔包含能够识别光笔所经过 的屏幕部分的光敏感器。stylus stails n. 输输入笔,光笔6计算机专业英语A mouse is a pointing dev
9、ice designed to be gripped by one hand. It has a detection device (usually a ball) on the bottom that enables the user to control the motion of an on-screen pointer, or cursor, by moving the mouse on a flat surface. As the device moves across the surface, the cursor moves across the screen. To selec
10、t items or choose commands on the screen, the user press a button on the mouse.鼠标是设计为用一个手把握的点击设备，它的底部有 一个探测设备（通常是一个球），探测设备可使用户 通过在平面上移动鼠标来控制屏幕上指针或光标的移 动。当鼠标在平面上移动时，光标就在屏幕上移动。 为了选择屏幕上的项目或命令，用户只需按一下鼠标 上的按钮。7计算机专业英语A joystick is a pointing device composed of a lever that moves in multiple directions to
11、 navigate a cursor or other graphical object on a computer screen. 控制杆是由一个杠杆组成的指示设备，该杠杆可以在 多个方向上移动来为计算机屏幕上的光标或其他图形 对象导航。joystick stk控制杆,操纵杆，游戏杆lever li:v; le- （杠）杆,游戏杆navigate neivigeit 导航8计算机专业英语A keyboard is a typewriter-like device that allows the user to type in text and commands to the computer
12、. Some keyboards have special function keys or integrated pointing devices, such as a trackball or touch -sensitive regions that let the users finger motions move an on-screen cursor.键盘是一种打字机式的设备，它允许用户为计算机输入文本和命 令。有些键盘具有特殊的功能键或集成的指示设备，如轨迹球或 允许用户的手指移动来移动屏幕光标的触敏区。9计算机专业英语An optical scanner uses light-
13、sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic signals that can be manipulated by a computer. For example, a photograph can be scanned into a computer and then included in text document created on the computer. The two most common scanner types are the flatbed scanner,
14、 which is similar to an office photocopier, and the handheld scanner, which is passed manually across the image to be processed.光学扫描仪使用感光设备来将图形或文本转化为计算机可处理 的电信号。例如，一个图像可被扫描进入计算机，然后包含到计 算机创建的文本文档中。两种最常用的扫描仪是类似于办公室复 印机的平板扫描仪和用手工扫描被处理图像的手持扫描仪。 10计算机专业英语A microphone is a device for converting sound into
15、 signals that can then be stored, manipulated, and played back by the computer. A voice recognition module is a device that converts spoken words into information that the computer can recognize and process.话筒是一种能将声音转化成计算机可存储、处理和演奏的信号 的设备。语音识别模块是一种能将语词转化成计算机能够识别 和处理的信息的设备。11计算机专业英语A modem, which sta
16、nds for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer. Each computer that sends or receives information must be connected to a modem. The information sent from one computer is converted by the modem into an audio signal, which is then transmitted by telephone lines to the receiving modem, which c
