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1、1. turning n. 车削 2. lathe n. 车床3. mount v. 安装 4. turret n. 转塔 5. boring n. 镗削加工 6. diversity v. 使多样性，使变化 7. damp v. 使减振，缓冲 8. guideway n. 导轨 9. carriage n. ( 机床的)拖板,床鞍 10. spindle n. 主轴11. hydraulic a. 液压的 12. lengthwise a. this motion is then reproduced numerous times as a result of the axial feed
2、motion of the tool. 对工件进行的一次简单完整的车削产生了一个 以车床轴线为中心的圆；这个运动接着重复进行 了很多次，形成了刀具的轴向进给运动。the lathe axis 车床轴线the axial feed motion 轴向进给运动The resulting machining marks are, therefore, ahelix having a very small pitch, which is equal to the feed.因而，产生的机加工痕迹是一根螺旋线，螺 旋线的螺距很小，其值与进给量相等。The axial feed is provided b
3、y the carriage or thecompound rest, either manually or automatically, whereas the depth of cut is controlled by the cross slide.轴向进给是由拖板或复式刀架，既可通过手动 走刀也可自动走刀进行，而切削深度是由横拖 板控制的。compound rest 复式刀架Facing 端面车削Usually, it is preferred to clamp the carriage during a facing operation, since the cutting forc
4、e tends to push the tool(and, of course, the wholecarriage) away from the workpiece.通常在端面加工中首先要夹紧大拖板，因 为切削力有将刀具（当然，包括整个拖板） 推离工件的倾向。Groove cutting 切槽加工Boring and internal turning 镗孔和内孔车削Taper turning 锥面车削Taper turning is achieved by driving the toolin a direction that is not paralled to the lathe axi
5、s But inclined to it with an angle that is equal tothe desired angle of the taper.锥面车削是通过沿一不平行于车床轴线的 方向驱动刀具完成的。该方向与车床轴线倾斜 成一夹角，并与锥面所要求的角度相等。(1) Rotating the disc of the compound rest with an angle equal to half the apex angle of the cone. feed is manually provided by cranking the handle of the compo
6、und rest.（1）以一与锥面顶角的半角相等的角度旋转 复式刀架的圆盘。进给是通过手动转动复式 刀架的手柄进行的。（2）Employing special form tools for external, very short, conical surfaces.(2) 使用特定形状的刀具车削很短的外锥面。(3) Offsetting the tailstock center偏置尾架中心法(4) Using the taper-turning attachment使用锥面车削附件机构Thread cutting 螺纹车削Knurling 滚花Cutting speeds and feeds切削速度和进给量
