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1、Unit 4 Commercial BankCommercial Banks in the USAIn 1992, there were about 11 500 commercial banks in the United States. A commercial bank can be chartered either by the state (state-chartered banks) or by the federal government (national banks). Of the 11 500 banks, more than half were state-charte
2、red. All national banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System and must be insured by the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF), which is administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. BIF was created early in 1989.State-chartered banks may elect to join the Federal Reserve System. Their depo
3、sits must be insured by BIF. In spite of the large number of banks that elect not to be members of the Federal Reserve System, banks that are members hold more than 70% of all deposits in the United States. Moreover, with the passage of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control A
4、ct of 1980 (DIDMCA), the reserve requirements that apply to members of the Federal Reserve System apply also to state-chartered banks.解释：Charter: to say officially that a town, organization, or university officially exists and has special rights：特许成立（城镇、组织、或大学） 。授权。be chartered by the state （state-c
5、hartered banks）由州授予执照叫做(州银行)be chartered by the federal government (national banks). 由联邦政府授予执照叫做( 国家银行).翻译：到 1992 年为止，美国约有 11 500 家商业银行。商业银行既可由州也可由联邦政府授予执照，Of the 11 500 banks, more than half were state-chartered.在所有 11 500 家银行中，有一半以上是州银行。All national banks must be members of the Federal Reserve Sys
6、tem and must be insured by the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF), which is administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.所有的国家银行都是联邦储备系统的成员并参加银行保险基金(BIF)的保险，which 引导定语从句修饰 BIF, 表示该基金由联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)管理。BIF was created early in 1989.， BIF 是 1989 年初成立的。2State-chartered banks may elect to join the Fe
7、deral Reserve System. Their deposits must be insured by BIF. In spite of the large number of banks that elect not to be members of the Federal Reserve System, banks that are members hold more than 70% of all deposits in the United States. Moreover, with the passage of the Depository Institutions Der
8、egulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 (DIDMCA), the reserve requirements that apply to members of the Federal Reserve System apply also to state-chartered banks. State-chartered banks may elect to join the Federal Reserve System.elect to do something formal to choose to do something: You can el
9、ect to delete the message or save it美国的州银行对于是否参加联邦系统有选择权，Their deposits must be insured by BIF.但其存款必须向 BIF 投保。In spite of the large number of banks that elect not to be members of the Federal Reserve System, banks that are members hold more than 70% of all deposits in the United States.虽然许多州州银行选择不参加
10、联邦储备系统，但作为联邦系统成员的银行却持有美国全部存款的 70%。Moreover, with the passage of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 (DIDMCA), the reserve requirements that apply to members of the Federal Reserve System apply also to state-chartered banks. 而且，随着1980 年存款机构管制放松和货币控制法制法案的通过，对州银行开始
11、适用与联邦系统成员银行相同的准备金要求。Bank Services1. Commercial banks provide numerous services in the U.S. financial system. The services can be broadly classified as follows: (1) individual banking, (2) institutional banking, and (3) global banking. Of course, different banks are more active in certain of these ac
12、tivities than others. For example, money center banks(defined later) are more active in global banking. Commercial banks provide numerous services in the U.S. financial system.在美国的金融体系中，商业银行为整个经济提供着多种服务。The services can be broadly classified as follows: (1) individual banking, (2) institutional bank
13、ing, and (3) global banking. 这些服务大致可分为三类：零售银行业务；机构银行业务；全球银行业务。Of course, different banks are more active in certain of these activities than others. For example, money center banks are more active in global banking.当然，不同的银行在某些特定的 领域（这里指以上三大类服务）表现得可能比其他银行活跃。例如，金融中心银行在国际银行业务中就活跃_些。2. Individual bankin
14、g encompasses consumer lending, residential mortgage lending, consumer installment loans, credit card financing, automobile and boat financing, brokerage services, students loans, and individual-oriented financial investment services such as personal trust and investment services. Interest and fee i
15、ncome are generated from mortgage lending an d credit card financing. Mortgage lending is often referred to as mortgage banking Fee income is generated from brokerage services and financial investment services.Individual banking encompasses consumer lending, residential mortgage lending, consumer in
16、stallment loans, credit card financing, automobile and boat financing, brokerage services, students loans, and individual-oriented financial investment services such as personal trust and investment services. 零售银行业务包括 消费贷款、住房抵押贷款、分期消费贷款、信用卡融资、车船融资、经纪业务、学生贷款和为个人提供的金融投资服务，如个人信托和投资服务。Interest and fee income are generated from mortgage lending and credit card financing.抵押贷款和信用卡融资为银行带来利息和费用收入。Mortgage lending is often referred to as mortgage banking抵押贷款通常被称为“抵押银行业务”.Fee inc
