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1、 1.九种常见的状语从句及其常用的连词:(1)时间状语从句:when,while,as,before,after, as soon as,till,until,not.until,the moment, immediately,the first/second/last time,instantly, hardly.when,scarcely.when,no sooner.than;(2)地点状语从句:where;(3)原因状语从句:because,since,as;(4)条件状语从句:if,unless,now(that), provided/providing;(5)让步状语从句:alth
2、ough,though,as,no matter what/when/where/who,wherever,whatever, whoever,however;(6)结果状语从句:so.that,such.that;(7)目的状语从句:so that,in case,for fear that,lest;(8)方式状语从句:how;(9)比较状语从句:than,as/soas。2.whatever,whenever,wherever等引导词与no matter wh-等引导词的不同用法。 1.试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。四个选项中往往给 出尽可能多的不同性质的连词,如:as可引导时间、原
3、因、让步三种不同性质的从句;while引导时间状语从句;because和if分别引导原因和条件状语从句。干扰项还从定语从句或名词性从句的角度进行干扰。2.条件状语从句的考查呈逐年上升的趋势。2005年3个;2006年5个;2007年5个;2008年5个;2009年6个。并列句及并列连词递减,由2006年的6个减至2008年1个;2009年1个。这些变化应引起师生备考过程中的关注。 1.when,while和as(1)when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作, 可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。When I lived there,I used to go to th
4、e seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the people went back.电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。As a young man(When he was a young man),he was fond of hunting.他年轻时,喜欢打猎。(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句 动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so
5、loud while others are working.别人在工作时,别高声谈话。(2008上海高考)Are you ready for Spain?Yes,I want girls to experience that they are young.A.while B.untilC.if D.before选 句意:“你准备好去西班牙了吗?”“是的。我想让这些女孩子趁着年轻的时候去感受一下西班牙。”故选A。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行 或同时完成,可译为“一边,(一边)”或“随 着”。He hurried home,looking behind as he went
6、.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边跑一边回头望。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进 行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when, while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(5)几种特殊情况when 还可用于下列结构中,当“就在那时”讲,表 示某件事正在发生或刚
7、刚发生时,突然发生另一动作:We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们刚要出发,突然下起雨来。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正开着会突然有人闯入。when 还可表示原因“既然”,相当于since。How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?既然他们不听我说,我怎么帮他们理解?(2009湖北八校联考)They kept trying they knew it was hopel
8、ess.A.when B.unlessC.as D.till选 句意:明知没有希望,但他们还是继续干。wheneven though,in spite of the fact that虽然,尽管。故选A。while 可作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。He likes playing football,while his brother likes playing basketball.他喜欢踢足球,而他弟弟喜欢打篮球。2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no soon
9、er. than., hardly/scarcely.when.和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发 生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就 ”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到车站,火车就离站了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother
10、.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。注意 no sooner.than.;hardly/scarcely.when.这一结构的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我们刚到家就下起雨来。3.on doing sth./on ones
11、n.也可表示“一就”, 引导时间状语。On arriving at the station,the thief was caught.贼一到车站就被抓了。On his arrival in London,he called his father up.他一到伦敦就给他父亲打了个电话。4.before和since(1)若表达“还未就;不到就;才; 趁;还没来得及就”时,需用连词before。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.
12、我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2009上海高考)You cant borrow books from the school library you get your student card.A.before B.ifC.while D.as选 句意:在你没有学生证之前不能在学校图书馆借书。根据常识,一个学生只有拥有学生证之后才可以借阅图书馆的书籍。before在之前;if如果;while当时候,然而;as随着,因为。故选A。(2)It will be一段时间before.多久之
13、后才。It will be half a year before I come back.还得呆半年我才能回来。It wont be long before we meet again.没多长时间我们就会见面的。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓 语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从 句的时态若是一般过去时,相应的,主句中的时态是现 在完成时或现在完成进行时。I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿,我给家里写了四封信。She has been working in this fac
14、tory since she left school.她离开学校以来,就在这个工厂工作。(4)在“It is一段时间since从句”句型中,时间的计算 一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。It is three years since the war broke out.自战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar(since I stopped smoking a cigar).我不吸烟有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”。应为:It is three years since I began to smoke。5.eve
15、ry time,each time,next time,the first time, any time,all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当;每次;下次”等。Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境,他就来帮助我。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.她上次看见James的时候,他正躺在床上。1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where,wherever指具体 地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。You are free to go wherever