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1、第三章 东方封建制度的强化 与东方的衰落 德川幕府统治下的日本Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、德川幕府的建立v1、关原之战（1600年9月15日）v德川家康（1542-
2、1616年）东军v石田三成（1560-1600年）西军 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.德川家康（1542-1616年）Evaluation only.Evaluation
3、 only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.德 川 家 康Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5
4、.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.石田三成（1560-1600年）“胸怀大志之人，即使 是临死之前，仍然是一 如既往地珍惜自己的生 命！” Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created wi
5、th Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.关原之战（1600年9月15日）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.
6、Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.关原之战（1600年9月15日）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011
7、 Aspose Pty Ltd.v2、德川幕府（江户幕府）建立v 1603年德川家康被封为征夷大将军和右大臣 ，在江户（东京）设立幕府。v 3、1615年大阪之战（完成并巩固日本的统一）v 丰臣秀赖v 淀姬（秀赖之母）v 方广寺钟铭事件（“国家安康”“君臣丰乐”）v “大阪冬之阵” （1614年11月）v “大阪夏之阵”（ 1615年4月） v “元和偃武”标志着战国时代的结束与德 川幕府时代的来临。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.C
8、reated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.丰臣秀赖Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Cop
9、yright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.方广寺钟铭Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt
10、d.1615年大阪之战Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1615年大阪之战Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspo
11、se.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1615年大阪之战Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with As
12、pose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.丰臣秀赖自刃之地(大阪城天守阁东)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copy
13、right 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、德川幕府的专制统治与日本社会v1、幕藩体制（1）幕藩体制幕府（德川统治机构）和藩藩（地方藩 国政权）的混合政体.藩体制下，将军是日本的最高统 治者，幕府是国家的最高的政权机关。各藩的统治者是 大名，效忠于幕府，仍拥有很大的独立性，在自己的领 地上拥有行政、司法、军事和税收等权利。 v幕府（幕藩体制的核心，经济与军事上占有绝对优势） 将军“天领”（幕府权力的主要经济基础，一 半由幕府直接管理，其余交给“旗本” 和“御家人” 经营。v藩大名领地vA. 亲藩：与德川
14、家同族的豪族（全国20家左右）vB. 谱代：关原之战前就忠诚于德川的地方大名。又称 “内藩”。vC. 外样：在关原之战中被征服的大名。又称“外藩” 。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
15、 Ltd.v（2）幕藩体制的特点v将军一人拥有全国的土地所有权；v大名对领地的所有权是暂时的、不稳定的；v以石高确定身份和家格；1石=1.8中国石（10斗/120斤）=180公升/216斤 ，“石”，体积和称量单位 “高”，意指数量 。石高是日本幕府时代用以表示土地生产力的一 种制度。 v以将军、大名为首的封建主阶级对农民进行直接 掠夺。v（3）幕府对领主的控制v武家诸法度（ 幕府颁布的法治原则）:不许结成徒党、不许建造新城堡、不许私自联姻； v参觐交代（sankinkotai）制Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slid
16、es for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.参觐交代制v又称参勤交代制。日本江户幕府严密控制各地 大名的重要措施。规定各地大名要在一定期间 （每隔一年）轮流来江户参觐，替幕府将军执 行政务一段时间，然后返回自己领土执行政务 。v Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .
