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1、North of the border: Scotland,Did you know?,Loch NessEdinburghBattle of CullodenCharles Edward Stuart,Riding the marchesBagpipeHammer throwingCaber tossingHighland dancesTartan,Scotland: introduction,Theterrain地形ofScotland is predominantly突出地 mountainous but may be divided into three distinct 截然不同的r
2、egions, from north to south: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. More than one-half of the surface of Scotland is occupied占据 by the Highlands, the most rugged高低不平的 region on the island of Great Britain.,Grampian Mountains, Scotland,Grampian Mountains, Scotland,The Grampian
3、 Mountains in central Scotland form a natural division分界线 between the Lowlands and Highlands.Cairn Gorm Peak, shown here, has an elevation海拔 of 1245 m and is one of the Grampians major summits.,Scotland: introduction,TothesouthoftheHighlands lies the Central Lowlands, a narrow belt comprising由什么组成 o
4、nly about one-tenth of the area of Scotland, but containing the majority of the countrys population. ThepopulationofScotland was 5,128,000. Nearly three-quarters of the Scots live in the Central Lowlands.,Shetland Islands,Scotland: introduction,Liketheclimateofthe rest of Britain, that of Scotland i
5、s subject 受什么影响to the moderating 适中的influences of the surrounding seas. As a result of these influences, extreme seasonal 季节性的variations 变化are rare, and temperate温和 winters and cool summers are the outstanding climatic features.,Loch Ness,Loch Ness is a long, narrow lake in northern Scotland. It ext
6、ends in a northeastern direction for 37 km. The average width of the lake is about 2 km, and the greatest depth is about 230 m. The lake is reportedly 据说the home of the so-called Loch Ness monster怪物, but its existence存在 has never been proven.,Edinburgh,Edinburgh, the second largest city in Scotland,
7、 is the capital of Scotland. It is Scotlands financial, cultural, educational, and service-industry center and one of Britains major tourist centers. The average January and July temperatures for the city of Edinburgh are 3 C and 14 C respectively.分别的,Edinburgh, Scotland,Edinburgh,Among Edinburghs c
8、ultural institutions are the National Gallery of Scotland, the Scottish National Portrait肖像 Gallery美术陈列室 , the Royal Scottish Museum, and museums of modern art and Scottish history. The Edinburgh International Festival, held here annually since 1947, is a world-renowned 有声誉的arts festival. The Univer
9、sity of Edinburgh is especially noted for its schools of medicine and law.,Edinburgh,Edinburghs central dominating主要的 landmark标志 is Edinburgh Castle.Edinburgh Castle, historically the principal royal皇家的 fortress堡垒 of Scotland, perched 位于on Castle Rock, a massive volcanic火山的 rock that towers dramatic
10、ally over the city of Edinburgh. Edinburgh Castle consists of a group of buildings dating from the 14th to the 17th century. The 11th-century Chapel of Saint Margaret, Edinburghs oldest structure, is located here.,Edinburgh Castle,Battle of Culloden,Battle of Culloden, a campaign 战役fought in Cullode
11、n Moor, northeastern Scotland, on April 16, 1746. The battle marked the end of an ineffective无效的 effort by Charles Edward Stuart to depose废王位 George II and gain the British throne王座. The Scottish forces under Charles Edward had attempted to surprise the British troops军队 by night. However, this attem
12、pt failed, and the next morning they were attacked by the British army under George IIs son William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland.,Battle of Culloden,The Highlanders were much fatigued 疲乏的from the unsuccessful march of the previous前一天 night, and their losses exceeded 超地1000, while the victors lost le
13、ss than 300. After the battle, Charles Edward escaped to France. This was the last land battle that was fought in Great Britain, and it marked the end of the armed 武装efforts of the Stuart family to recover the British throne王位.,Charles Edward Stuart,Charles Edward Stuart, who is called The Young Pre
14、tender妄求者, and Bonnie Prince Charlie is the grandson of James II of England. Charles Edward is determined to drive George II from the British throne. In 1745, he arrived in Scotland, where a number of Highland clans部落 came to his assistance援助.,Charles Edward Stuart,Charles Edward Stuart took Edinbur
15、gh, defeated a British force at Prestonpans, and advanced as far south as Derby, England, before being forced to retreat撤退.In April 1746, however, his forces were utterly 完全地routed at Culloden Moor. Charles Edward Stuart escaped to France in September 1746.,Riding the marches,An annual ceremony that
16、 takes place in a number of towns in southern Scotland. It involves riding on horseback around the marches (borders) of the town and inspecting 检查the boundary 边界stones. A young man takes the riding flag. Other riders join him as they ride in the streets along the border.,Riding the marches,In the da
17、ys of the border wars between England and Scotland in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries the town boundaries frequently had to be redefined after a destructive 破坏性的enemy attack. People ride along the border between Scotland and England to demonstrate证明 how they are independent and different from English.,
