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1、过去将来时用法小结过去将来时用法小结 【用法】过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是 “立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过 去的“动作”,而不是时间。如:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。 【构成】 由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成,should 主要用于主语是第一人称时;would 可用于 各种人称。如: Whenever we had trouble, he would come
2、to help us. 不论何时我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。 由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成。如: No one knew when he was going to come. 没有人知道他什么时候来。 【注意】 表示“往来”时空变化的短暂性动词如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等,通常用过去进行时来表示过去将来。如: He said they were leaving at seven. 他说他们将于七点动身。 一、过去将来时的含义 过去将来时表示
3、在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾 语从句和间接引语中。例如： I didnt know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。 They never knew that population would become a big problem. 他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。 She didnt tell me where she would go. 她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。 Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday. 贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。 二、过去将
4、来时的表达法 （一） “would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如 He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。 He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。 （二） “was/ were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如： She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。 I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。 此结构还
5、可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如： It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。 （三）come， go， leave， arrive， start 等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。 She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。 （四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： I didnt know w
6、hen she would come， but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard. 老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。过去将来时典型错误例析过去将来时典型错误例析 1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。 误：We didnt know whether he is going to speak at the meeting. 正：We
7、 didnt know whether he was going to speak at the meeting. 析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句 要用过去将来时态。 2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。 误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up. 正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。 3. 他
8、们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。 误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday. 正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didnt rain the next Sunday. 析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。 4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。 误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some
9、 books. 正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books. 析：过去将来时可以由“助动词 should/would+动词原形”构成，但 should 一般只用于第一人 称。而 would 可用于各种人称。 5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。 误：Last time I saw you， you had started to go to Tibet by train. 正：Last time I saw you， you were going to start to go to Tibet
10、 by train.“was/ were about to +动词原形”,可以表示过去即将发生的事情。 如: The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week. 美国说伊拉克之战将在一周后打 响。 I. 选择填空 ( )1. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would vis
11、it ( )2. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming ( )3. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will take ( )4. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables. A. are going to grow B
12、. were going to growC. will grow D. have grown ( )5. She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lu
13、cy_(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future. Key: I. 1-5 DDBBCII. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 一、单选 1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet. - Well, he said he _here on time. A came B would come C
14、can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _. A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come 4Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A spent B would spent C was
15、 going to spent D would spend 二、填空 1 She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 2 I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 3 He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight. 4 Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. 答案：1 B 2 A 3C 4 D 1 was leaving 2 would lend 3 would be 4 would help
