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1、1Lecture 4 ImageryIImage 意象What is image? An image is anything that involves one or more of ones five senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste). It is such of any vivid or picturesque（图画般的） phrase that stimulates a particular sensation in the readers mind. In the 20th century Ezra Pound defin
2、ed: “An image is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.” Pounds definition claims that the image is a putting-into-words of the emotional, intellectual and concrete stuff that one experiences in any given moment. Imagery Imagery is used in literature to refe
3、r to descriptive language that evokes emotional responses. It is useful as it allows an author to add depth and understanding to his work, like a sculptor adding layer and layer to his statue, building it up into a beautiful work of art.Types of imagery Visual imagery - something seen in the minds e
4、ye (most frequently used) 视觉意象;eg: The crimson liquid spilled from the neck of the white dove, staining and matting its pure, white feathers. Auditory imagery - a sound 听觉意象;eg: The bells chimed 2 oclock and Daniel got ready for school. Onomatopoeia: a word that makes a sound.拟声词 Kinesthetic imagery
5、 - represents movement 动觉意象;eg：(Daffodils) tossing their heads in sprightly dance. Olfactory imagery - represents a smell 嗅觉意象;eg：Toms socks, still soaked with sweat from Tuesdays P.E. class, filled the classroom with an aroma akin to that of salty, week-old, rotting fish. Gustatory imagery - repres
6、ents a taste 味觉意象;eg: Tumbling through the ocean water after being overtaken by the monstrous wave, Mark unintentionally took a gulp of the briny（海水的，咸的）, bitter mass, causing him to cough. Tactile imagery - represents touch 触觉意象.eg: Mary dug her feet into the wet sand, burying her toes inside the b
7、each as cold waves lapped at her ankles. GreenThe dawn was apple-green,The sky was green wine held up in the sun,The moon was a golden petal between.She opened her eyes, and greenThey shone, clear like flowers undone,For the first time, now for the first time seen.- DH Lawrence 绿曙光是苹果绿， 天空是绿酒在阳光中举起，
8、 月亮是其间的一瓣金玉。 她张开眼，绿芒 四射，明亮如花 初绽，首次展放。Wait for a while, then slip downstairsAnd bring us up some chilled white wine,And some blue cheese, and crackers, and some fineRuddy-skinned pears. - by Richard Wilbur A Late Aubade 迟唱的晨曲A Comparison 苹果花与雪2Apple blossoms look like snow,Theyre different, though.Sn
9、ow falls softly, but it bringsNoisy things:Sleighs, and bells, forts and fightsCosy nights.But apple blossoms when they go,White and slow,Quiet all the orchard space,Till the placeHushed with falling sweetness seemsFilled with dreams.- John Farrar苹果花开似白雪，二者也存异。雪花轻轻飘落地，却引得嘈杂声起：雪橇响铃铛，对垒打雪仗，夜夜安逸。苹果花开白又
10、白，步履轻徘徊，寂静果园春满怀；待只待甜果坠地破安谧，似入梦境里。Literal image and Figurative image Literal images (字面意象) appeal to ones sense of realistic perception to create a picture. They are especially concrete and contain little or no extension of the obvious meaning of the words used to express them. Figurative images (修辞意
11、象) do not follow the literal meaning of the words exactly. They appeal to ones imagination to create a vague portrait that is indicative of a certain mood.The CityIn the morning the citySpreads its wingsMaking a songIn stone that sings.In the evening the cityGoes to bedHanging lightsAbove its head.-
12、 Langston Hughes The poem creates the image of the city as a bird.Langston Hughes 兰斯顿 休斯 Hughes was an American poet, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He is best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance 哈莱姆文艺复兴 Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned t
13、he 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as the “New Negro Movement”. It is a burst of literary achievement by black playwrights, poets and novelists who presented new insights into the American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous Black writers after mid-twentieth cent
14、ury. 哈莱姆文艺复兴，又称黑人文艺复兴或新黑人运动，是新黑人文化意识和种族意识的生动反映，它重新界定了黑人历史、音乐、戏剧及形象艺术，是美国文化解放运动的一个重要组成部分。在文学方面体现为美国纽约黑人聚居区哈莱姆的黑人作家所发动的一种文学运动。它的内容主要为两点：1.在黑人的觉悟和民族自尊心大为提高的情况下，一些黑人青年知识分子开始重新评价自己的艺术创造才能， 并要求在文学艺术中塑造 “新黑人”的形象一个不同于逆来顺受的汤姆叔叔型的、有独立人格和叛逆精神的新形象；2.在报刊上广泛开展了“是艺术还是宣传”的讨论，大多数作家都认为必须加强黑人文艺作品3的艺术表现能力。Superimposed
15、image 叠加式意象枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。孤村落日残霞，轻烟老树寒鸦，一点飞鸿影下。 青山绿水，白草红叶黄花。雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜。FogThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on. - Carl SandburgIIImagism 意象主义 An English and American Poetry movement that flourished between 1908 and
16、1917. The Imagists used precise, clearly presented images in their works. They also used common, everyday speech and aimed for conciseness, concrete imagery, and the creation of new rhythms. Participants in the Imagist movement included Ezra Pound, H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), and Amy Lowell, among others. 意象主义是在 20 世纪早期由英美诗人发起的反对维多利亚式感伤主义的一场文学运动，主张使用自由体(free verse)、普通的语言模式和清晰具体的意象。意象主义者反对过多的涉及情感和技巧，而这些是在浪漫主义
