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1、Guide to English-Speaking CountriesGuide to English-Speaking Countries英语国家概况英语国家概况The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter 3Chapter 3 Government and Government and the Commonwealththe Commonwealth The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英语国家概况英语国家概况Foreign Lang
2、uage Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Political PartiesConstitutionGovernmentElectionThe CommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENTForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching an
3、d Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries ConstitutionIvGreat Britain (UK) is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch vking or queen :the head of state,symbolic powerForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching a
4、nd Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vBritish Constitution is made up of: Statutory Law (成文法，制定法) Common Law (判例法，普通法) Conventions (习惯习惯 法，衡平法)ConstitutionIForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA G
5、uide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries v1.1 Statutory Law passed by Parliamentexample the Magna Carta (1215) the Bill of Rights (1689) the Reform Act (1832) the European Communities Act (1972) the European Communities (Amendment) Act (1986) ConstitutionForeign Language
6、 Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries v1.2 Common law deduced from custom or legal precedents and interpreted in court cases by judgesv1.3 Conventions rules and practices which do not exist leg
7、ally, but are regarded as vital to the working of government 1. ConstitutionForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vDivision of power vLegislature 立法机关 vExecutive 行政部门门 vJudiciar
8、y 司法部门门1. ConstitutionForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries GovernmentII2.1 The Legislature2.2 The Executive2.3 The JudiciaryForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign
9、Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2.1 The LegislatureBasic Structure of UK Central GovernmentMonarch (non-political)Legislature ParliamentExecutive Judiciary (non-political)House of Commons (political)House of Lords (semi-pol
10、itical)Prime Minister & Cabinet (political)Ministers & Civil service (non-political) House of LordsCourt of Appeal Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2.1.1 Parliament vParlia
11、ment the law-making body of Britain one of the oldest representative assemblies in the world Strictly speaking, the parliament consists of the King or Queen, the House of Lords (上议院), the House of Commons (下 议院)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA
12、 Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vQueen Elizabeth II Born: April 21, 1926 Queen since June 2, 1953 vQueen Elizabeth II is a “constitutional monarch” Although she is officially the head of state, the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime
13、 Minister.2.1.2 QueenForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Queen Elizabeth II2.1.2 QueenForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA
14、 Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Buckingham Palace 2.1.2 QueenForeign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries In reality, her role is “ceremonial, u
15、npolitical and symbolic”:vState opening of the Parliament vRoyal assent to new law vMeeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham Palace vPay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government2.1.2 QueenForeign Language Teaching
16、 and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide toEnglish-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2.1.3 The House of Lords vThe Lords Spiritual (上议院神职议员) v(archbishops and prominent bishops of the Church of England) vThe Lords Temporal (上议院世俗议员) (hereditary peers and life peers and the Law Lords)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressF
