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1、Grammar and usageVerb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectivesVerb-ed formVerb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当): attribute(定语) predicative(表语) object complement(宾语补足语)When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed
2、into an attributive clause. The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.I. attribute(定语)1) A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed int
3、o an attributive clause. We should drink boiled water. We should drink water which has been boiled.The functions of verb-ed formThey took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.2) Generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form
4、of transitive verbs(及物 动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.the escaped criminal 逃犯pastthe developed countries 发达国家pasta widely
5、used languagepassive the retired scientistpast the highly praised scientistpassivefallen leaves 落叶past the risen sun 升起的太阳pastthe exploited classes 被剥削阶级 passive3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does. The name mentioned in the letter was unknow
6、n to me. The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire. The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.Scientific experiments carried out by students without the teachers instructions can be da
7、ngerous. Scientific experiments which are carried out byConclusion: 1.过去分词做定语位于被修饰名词之前; 过去分词短语做定语位于被修饰名词之后.2.及物动词的过去分词作定语与被修饰名词 之间的关系为被动关系.如句1,句3.3.不及物动词的过去分词做定语表示动作的 完成如句.a. The _ (手写的)notes are from Jack. b. The kidnappers were using a_(偷来的) car. c. We should drink _(煮沸的)water. d. They took the _
8、(受伤的)woman to the nearby hospital at once. stolenhandwrittenboiledinjuredFill in the blanks using verb-ed forms.Can you change them into attributive clauses?消防员在营救那些被困在火里的人。 The firemen were rescuing the people trapped in the fire.The firemen were rescuing the people who were trapped in the fire.试用两
9、种句式翻译下面的句子。a so-called professor homemade pizzaa well-accepted ideaa highly-respected professor a well-paid job一个所谓的教授 自制的比萨饼广泛接受的想法极受尊重的教授报酬颇丰的工作 underdeveloped regions 不发达地区handmade furniture手工制作的家具4) A verb-ed can be part of a compound(复合词) with an adverb or a noun before it.5) A verb-ed can also
10、 be used as a non- restrictive attribute (非限定性定语) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号). The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand stude
11、nts, was a success. The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. II.predicative (表语) It can be put after some link-verbs (系动词) such as: be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.2) The little boy
12、 was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.III. Object complement (宾语补足语) It can be used after some verbs such as: see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep 1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood. 2) I had my hair c
13、ut yesterday.3) She found the door locked.4. A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.The girl lay in bed lost in thought. The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought. The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. The bo
14、y sat at the table and was buried in his homework.Key for Exercise A : (1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) excited (4) thrilled (5) interested (6) boredKey for Exercise B:2. The problems created by cloning will soon be clear. 3. We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.4. The te
15、chnology used is amazing.5. The only thing needed is just a cell from your old pet.A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial(状语) to express the time, the reason and conditionThe usage of verb-ed phrases1. A verb-e
16、d phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial. 1) She left the restaurant, disappointed. 2) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.3) Heated, water changes into steam.4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.2. Passive verb-ed phrase
