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1、2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 1 GB1The basic principles of hydraulics 液压基础课程Speaker: 培训师: Peter Musterman PM-Akademie 普茨迈斯特培训中心 彼得.姆斯特曼2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 2 GB2The basic principles of concrete pump hydraulics 混凝土泵的液压基础q Basic principles: pressure distrbution q 基本概念: 压力分布 m Speed variations m 各种速度 m Laminar/turbul
2、ent flow m 层流与紊流 q Main pump unit: Inline construction q 主泵总成: 串联结构 q Piston pump: Axial piston variable-displacement pump q 柱塞泵: 轴向柱塞变量泵 m Components m 组成元件 m Variable displacement pump m 变量泵 m Fixed type m 定量泵 q Gear pump : Internally geared q 内齿合齿轮泵2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 3 GB3q Externally geared q 外啮合
3、齿轮泵 q Valves: Spring preloaded return flow valve q 阀 :具有弹簧预应力的单向阀 m pressure limiting valve m 限压阀 m Directional valves m 方向阀 m Directional valve function m 方向阀的控制功能 m Naming conventions m 名称术语 q Monobloc: Generation 7 q 第7代液压锁 m Circuit diagramm m 液压油路图 q Accumulators q 蓄能器 m Charge states m 充压状态The
4、 basic principles of concrete pump hydraulics 混凝土泵的液压基础2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 4 GB4q Cylinders q 液压油缸 q Hydraulic motor q 液压马达 q Hydraulic fluid q 液压油 q Filters q 油过滤器 m High-pressure boom filter m 布料杆高压油过滤器 m Main pump suction filter m 主泵的吸油过滤器 q Pressure gauge q 液压表 q Applied hydraulics q 实例 m Closed l
5、oop m 闭式回路 q Symbols: Various piece parts q 符号:各种元件The basic principles of concrete pump hydraulics 混凝土泵的液压基础2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 5 GB5The basic principles of concrete pump hydraulics 混凝土泵液压基础m Pump and actuators m 泵及执行元件 m Flow and pressure control valves m 流量与压力控制阀 m Directional valves m 方向控制阀 m Valv
6、e actuators m 阀的执行机构 m Sample exercices m 练习例子2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 6 GB6Contents 目录Basic principles 基本原理 Components 液压元件 qPumps q油泵 qValves q阀 qMonobloc q液压锁 qAccumulators q蓄能器 qCylinders q液压油缸 qMotors q液压马达 qHydraulic fluid q液压油 qFilters q油过滤器 qPressure gaugeq液压表Applied hydraulics 液压的应用qOpen and close
7、d loop q开式回路和闭式回路2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 7 GB7Basic principles: Pressure distribution 基本概念: 压力分布q Part of the energy in a system with flowing liquids is lost due to friction and the pressure drops. q 在一个具有流动液体的系统中,由 于有摩擦力,要损失掉一部分的能量, 从而使压力降低q The pressure of a static liquid is distributed in all direction
8、s in a closed system. q 在一个封闭的系统中,静止流体的压 力，在各个方向上是均匀分布的2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 8 GB8Basic principles: Speed variations基本概念: 各种不同的流速 q The same volume must be moved in the same time period q 在相同时间内必须流过相同的体积 q The speed of the liquid also changes if the diameter is altered q 如果直径改变,流体的速度也会发生变化 q high speed
9、= low pressure q 速度高=压力低 q low speed = high pressure q 速度低=压力高2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 9 GB9Basic principles:Laminar and turbulent flow 基本概念: 层流与紊流Laminar flow层流Critical area临界范围Turbulent flow紊流smooth walls管壁表面光滑 no sharp changes of direction没有急剧的方向变化rough walls管壁表面粗糙 sharp changes of direction急剧地改变流动方向2/9
10、8 gmAKM 506 FN 10 GB10Main pump unit: inline construction 主泵单元 : 串联连接方式 127Main pump (Sauer series 90) with feed pump 主泵(萨澳公司90系列)带补油泵128Accumulator pump (piston pump, adjustable) 储能器充压泵(柱塞泵,可调节)129Agitator pump (gear pump)搅拌器泵(齿轮泵)Drive shaft 驱动轴1271271281292/98 gmAKM 506 FN 11 GB11Piston pump (1):
11、 Axial piston variable-displacement pump 柱塞泵(1): 轴向柱塞泵 Feed pump补油泵HDC-regulator 液动排量控制-调节器Tilting box斜盘Control box油口控制板 (配流盘）2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 12 GB12Piston pump (2): Components 柱塞泵(1): 组成元件Pistons柱塞杆Piston shoe柱塞滑靴Tilting box斜盘Pressure plate回程压力板Pressure spring偏动弹簧Cylinder drum柱塞缸体Pistonhole活塞孔Sha
12、ft bore轴孔Drive shaft驱动轴Suction side (intake)进油端 (入口)Delivery side (outlet)出油 端(出口)Control box配流盘2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 13 GB13negative angle负角High pressure高压 Low pressure低压 Suction side 吸油 Return line 回油Piston pump (3): Variable-displacement pump 活塞泵 (3): 调节泵 positive angle正角 HP高压LP低压Suction side吸入口2/98
13、gmAKM 506 FN 14 GB14Piston pump(4): Fixed type 柱塞泵 (4): 固定弯角定量泵Axial piston pump with tilting box 带斜盘的轴向柱塞泵constant stroke恒定的冲程 constant delivery恒定的泵送功率Delivery side输出口Suction side吸入口2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 15 GB15Gear pump (1): internally geared 齿轮泵 (1): 内啮合齿轮Deliveryside输出口Suction side吸入口The hydraulic f
14、luid is conveyed in the gaps between the teeth液压油是在齿轮组成的间隙中被输 送出去的2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 16 GB16Gear pump (2): externally geared 齿轮泵 (2): 外啮合齿轮泵Delivery side输出口Suction side吸入口The hydraulic fluid is conveyed in the gaps between the teeth液压油是在齿轮组成的间隙中被输 送出去的2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 17 GB17Valves (1): Spring prelo
15、aded return flow valve 阀 (1) : 具有弹簧预应力的单向阀Return flow valve closed单向阀关闭Return flow valve open单向阀打开PTThe hydraulic fluid can only flow in one direction液压油只能朝着一个方向流动2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 18 GB18Valves (2): Pressure limiting valves 阀 (2): 限压阀q Limits the system pressure in the hydraulic circuit q 限定了液压回路中的
16、系统压力Open 打开Closed 关闭2/98 gmAKM 506 FN 19 GB19Directional valves can be actuated as follows:方向控制阀可用以下方式进行操作 q hydraulically q 液压控制 q electrically by magnetic coil q 通过电磁线圈由电气控制 q manually q 手动操作 q by springs q 通过弹簧Valves (3): Directional valves 阀 (3) : 方向控制阀Manually-actuated directional valves手动控制方向阀Hydraulic directional valve液压控制方向阀q Directional valves control the direction of the hydraulic f
