《Kepler’s Law：开普勒定律》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Kepler’s Law：开普勒定律（61页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Astronomy/Solar System Presentation for Science OlympiadPresented by the New Mexico Tech Astronomy ClubNovember 5th, 2010History and Formation of Solar System-How old is the solar system? The solar system is 4.57 billion years old. -How did the solar system form? Protostellar cloud collapsed into a
2、massive disk, first formed the sun, and over the years formed our solar system. -How much of the solar systems mass is solely the mass of the Sun? 99.86% of the solar systems mass is in the sun.Images courtesy of SOHO consortium, an ESA and NASA joint Images courtesy of SOHO consortium, an ESA and N
3、ASA joint project.project.Sun What is the Suns temperature at the core? 15 million degrees Kelvin. Compared to nearby stars, the Sun is luminous, hot, and big. Compared to apparently bright stars, the Sun is dim, cool, and small. Compared to stars in globular clusters, the Sun is very young. Compare
4、d to stars in open (galactic) clusters, the Sun is very old.Magnetic Field The sun is a magnetically active star. Its magnetic field is strong, and changes continually year-to-year and reverses its polarity about every eleven years, this cycle is called they Schwabe Cycle. The suns magnetic field ca
5、uses solar activity, including sunspots on its surface, solar flares, and solar winds.6Layers of the Sun-Corona Solar Wind -Chromosphere Prominences Solar Flares -Photosphere Sunspots Subsurface Flows -Internal Structure: Convection zone Radiative zone Inner CoreCopyright:Wikipedia - GNU Free Docume
6、ntation LicenseThe Suns Lifecycle The Sun was formed about 4.57 billion years ago when a hydrogen molecular cloud collapsed. It is about halfway through its main-sequence evolution, during this time, nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. It will spend approx. 10 billion yea
7、rs as a main sequence starAurorasWhat causes Auroras? When charged particles from the solar winds hit the magnetic field of Earth and are brought close to the Earths atmosphere. Where do auroras most often occur? They occur in high northern and far southern latitudes but have occasionally been seen
8、in the equator. Why are they seen in the northern and southern latitudes? That is where the charged particles reach closest to Earth.Terrestrial and Gaseous PlanetsTerrestrial Planets What is another name for Inner Planets? Terrestrial planets. Name the Inner Planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. Wh
9、at are their similarities? -They are all composed mostly of rock, and heavy metals. -Closest to the sun, their cores are mostly made of iron, and also have varied terrain such as volcanoes, canyons, mountains, and craters. -The terrestrial planets have few or no satellites. How do Terrestrial Planet
10、s differ from Gaseous? Terrestrial planets are much smaller, and do not have planetary rings like Gaseous planets.MercuryDistance:57.91 million km from the Sun Diameter: 4,878 km Mass: 3.3x1023 kg Density: 5.43 g/cm Satellites: None Surface Temperature: 166.7 degrees Celsius Rotation: 58.65 Earth da
11、ys Axial Tilt: none Orbital period: 87.97 Earth days Atmosphere consists of: Helium, Sodium, OxygenVenusDistance: 108.2 million km from the sun Diameter: 12,102 km Mass: 4.87x1024 kg Density:5.25 g/cm3 Surface Temperature: more than 500 degrees Celsius Satellites: None Orbital Period: 224.7 Earth da
12、ys Rotation: 243.01 Earth days Axial Tilt: 177.3 Atmosphere consists of: Poisonous carbon dioxide and sulfuric acidEarthDistance:149,597,870 km from the Sun Diameter: 12,756 km Mass: 5.24x1024 kg Density: 5.52 g/cm3 Surface Temperature: 15 degrees Celsius Satellites: Luna Orbital Period: 365 days Ro
13、tation: 24 hours Axial Tilt:23.5 Atmosphere consists of: Nitrogen and OxygenMarsDistance: 227.94 million km from the Sun Diameter: 6.786 km Mass: 6.42x1023 kg Density: 3.95g/cm3 Surface Temperature: ranges from -5 to -87 degrees Celsius Satellites: Phobos, Deimos Axial Tilt: 25.19 Rotation: 24.62 Ea
14、rth days Orbital period: 686 Earth days Atmosphere consists of: Carbon Dioxide, and nitrogenJovian Planets-Gas planets in the Solar System -Last 4 Planets in the Solar System -Mostly made up of Hydrogen, Helium, Ammonia and Methane-Jovian Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneJupiter-Distance Fro
15、m Sun: 788.3 Million km or 5.2 AU -Diameter: 142,984 km -Mass: 1900x1024 kg -Density: 1.33 g/cm3 -Major Satellites: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto -Surface Temperature: 14.8-19.8 degrees Celsius -Atmosphere: Hydrogen and Helium with traces of Methane and Ammonia -Seasons: No real changes in Seasons
16、due to its 3 Tilt. Features: Great Red SpotSaturn-Distance from Sun: 1,426.98 Million km or 9.54 AU -Diameter: 120,536 km -Mass: 569x1024 kg -Density: .69 g/cm3 -Major Satellites: Titan, Rhea, Dione -Atmosphere: Hydrogen-Helium. Weak reactions in atmosphere attribute to its color -Rings: Made up of billions of particles of rock and ice.
