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1、Trade Bargaining under the WTO: An Example of US-China Trade (WTO架構下之貿易談判)Dr. Pei-Shan Kao, Assistant Professor National Chiao Tung University Centre for General EducationUnit 6I. IntroductionII. US-China Trade Contacts and Exchange III. Bilateral Trade Disputes and Frictions IV. Analysis on US-Chin
2、a Trade Bargaining under the WTO RegimeV. ConclusionQuestion 1: Did the WTO promote US-China trade bargaining since Chinas entry in 2001?Question 2: Have their trade frictions been resolved under the WTO regime? Question 3: Can the mechanism of the WTO facilitate effectively US- China trade bargaini
3、ng hence resolves their disputes and promotes their relations?Question 4: How did the WTO change and affect Chinas trade behavior and Chinas relations with its trading partners?Source: http:/english.pravda.ru/img/2005/10/wto2.jpg, “consulted in March 2009”.US-China Trade Relations:Since they establi
4、shed formal diplomatic relations in 1979, they signed a trade agreement granting each other the most -favoured-nation (MFN) status. The two-way trade developed and grew rapidly. Many trade disputes and frictions occurred. Americans were unsatisfied with many problems:e.g. Chinas arbitrary administra
5、tive interference and discriminatory regulatory processes, trade barriers, and unfair and non-transparent trade practices were prevalent. The U.S.A welcomed Chinas entry into the WTOAmericans and Western Countries Expectations of Chinas accession to the WTO *Opening the Chinese market to bring huge
6、commercial benefits to them.*Reducing Chinese trade barriers in goods, services and agricultural products.*Reducing Chinas restrictions on imports anddistribution. *To decrease their trade deficit with China. *To ensure the transparency of Chinas trade policy and establish a fair and stable trading
7、environment. * To oblige China to behave according to the western-style rules of law and to expand its Open Door policy.II. US-China Trade Contacts and Exchange *According to the US-China Business Council, the bilateral trade increased from $85.5 billion in 1998 to $386.7 billion in 2007; it grew 4.
8、5 times. Figure 1 Annual Growth Rate of US-China Bilateral Trade 1998-2008Source: “US-China Trade Statistics and Chinas World Trade Statistics” US-China Business Council, http:/www.uschina.org/statistics/tradetable.html, “consulted in March 2009”.*China now is worlds third-largest economy after the
9、United States and Japan. *China is also now worlds third-largest trading nation, following the USA and Germany.*China-US two-way trade accounted for 17.7% of Chinas total trade amount. *The United States now is Chinas largest trading partner. It is also Chinas largest export market, and its fourth-l
10、argest import supplier. *China is Americas third-largest export market and it is also Americas fastest growing export market. *China has passed Canada, becomes Americas biggest import supplier. US-China Trade Structure:Table 1: Top US Exports to China 2007 - 1. Electrical machinery and equipment 2.
11、Power generation equipment 3. Air and spacecraft 4. Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits 5. Plastics and articles thereof 6. Optics and medical equipment 7. Iron and steel 8. Copper and articles thereof 9. Organic chemicals 10. Pulp and paperboard - Source: The US-China Business Council, http:/www.uschin
12、a.org/statistics/tradetable.html, “consulted in March 2009”. Source of the photos: http:/www.mrmz.ru/global/img/com_foto/f5.jpg; http:/www.made-in- Machinery.jpg; http:/www.environment-agency.gov.uk/netregs/businesses/62245.aspx, “consulted in March 2009”.Table 2: Top US Imports from China 2007 - 1.
13、 Electrical machinery and equipment 2. Power generation equipment 3. Toys and games 4. Apparel 5. Furniture 6. Footwear and parts thereof 7. Iron and steel 8. Plastics and articles thereof 9. Leather and travel goods 10. Vehicles other than railway - Source: The US-China Business Council, http:/www.
14、uschina.org/statistics/tradetable.html, “consulted in March 2009”.Source of the photos: http:/ http:/.sg/baby-products/baby- toys/soft-toys-plush-toy-TOY004-0.jpg; http:/ design.co.uk/acatalog/office_furniture_BOOKCASES.jpg, “consulted in March 2009”.China has gradually shifted its export structure
15、from labour- intensive products such as textiles; shoes; and toys to capital- intensive goods.US-China trade reached a particularly high level of growth: (1)the years after 1979, when they established formal diplomatic relations (2)in the post-Cold War era. Total US-China bilateral trade increased from
