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1、Lecture SevenNominal Clause (2). RevisionNominal Clause (). New contents1.Nominal Clause (2)2.Sentence Components3. Absolute Construction . Assignment. New contentsNominal Clause (2)1. Object ClauseIncluding: Direct Object ClauseIndirect Object ClausePrepositional Object Clause“Conjunctions”A、 Direc
2、t Object ClauseI think (that) you will like the pictures.语法能力培养： 1. 我完全理解你的意思。I fully understand what you mean. 2. 请告诉我哪个更好。Please tell me which is better.3. 我问了他怎么来的。I asked how he came here. 4. 谁适合我们选谁。We will choose whoever is fit.当宾从有一宾补时，常用it作形宾。 语法能力培养： 1. 我觉得你通过考试的事很重要。I feel it important tha
3、t you pass your exam.2. 她明确表示反对这个计划。 She made it clear that she objected to the plan.3. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语. B、 Indirect Object Clause（作间接宾语的从句只能由名词性关系词引导）语法能力培养： 1. 她给来的每个人一份要填的表格。 She gave whoever came a form to fill
4、in.2. 凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情支持。 Shell give whoever needs help a warm support.C、 Prepositional Object Clause *They are worrying about whether they can getthere in time.*You can write about whatever topic you can think of.3. Predicative clause Types of conjunction 1） Subordinating conjunctions “that, whethe
5、r（if) What I mean is that we should help each other.The problem is whether we can do it. It seems / appears / looks that his idea is more practical.The trouble is that we are short of funds. 2）who, what, whichWhat concerns me most is who will be my teacher next month. China is not what she was yeste
6、rday. 3）Conjunctive adverbs “when, where , why , how”能力训练：1. 这就是我要早走的原因。 This is why I left early. 2.那就是你错的地方。 That is where you are mistaken. 3. 我们在讨论的问题是在哪儿开会。The question under discussion is where we will hold the meeting. 4）由as, because, as if, as though 引导的表语从句例如：It looks as if it is going to r
7、ain tonight. 看起来好像今晚要下雨。 It is because he is a little reserved.She seems as though she had done a great thing.4Appositive clause在名词性成分之后与该名词性成分并列，补充 说明该名词性成分有关情况的从句，被称为同位语 从句。能跟同位语从句的名词： belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , information, pro
8、mise , proof , report , truth 等抽象名词。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面的名词的具体含义。如： * I had no idea that you were here.*He made a promise that he would never come late. * She told us her hope that she would become a singer.除 that外,你还见过什么连接词可引导同位 语从句 ?引导同位语从句: 通常有that, whether; who, what ; when, where, how, wh
9、y ） Which, if不可引导同位语从句。I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他们在哪里度假。难点：同位语从句定语从句o1)、从句所修饰的词不同。同位语从句所修饰的词通常是少数表抽象意义的 名词，如belief , doubt , fact 等.We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. This is the book that I bought yesterday. （定从）2）从句作用的不同从语义上讲，定从具有形容词或副词
10、的特点， 对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性 质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步 补充解 释，是中心词的具体内容。 The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right. 推迟会议的建议证明是正确的。（同位语） oThe suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. （定从） oThe question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该做这项工作，这个
11、问题需要考虑。（同位语）3）that引导的同位语从句中that不充当句子成分，但 不能省；that在定语从句中充当主语、 宾语或者 表语，充当宾语的that经常可被省略。* I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.(that引导同位语从句，不充当具体的句子成分)* I wont believe the fact （that） he told me.(that引导定从,对fact进行限定，在从句中充当宾语)o* We have no idea at all where he has gone.(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具
12、体内容)o* Thats the place where he was born. (where引导定语从句限定先行词place)试比较： (1) Do you still remember the year when (in which) you first began to learn English ? (2) I have no idea when you began to learn English.(1) 定从; (2) 同从* when，where，how, why作关系副词引导定从时，句 中有其相应的先行词，如when有表示时间的先行词，where 有表示地点的先行词，why有
13、表示原因的先行词，而它们作 为连接副词连接同位语从句时，则没有相应的先行词。 其次，when, where, why作关系副词引导定语从句时， 可以改为“介词+关系代词which”来引导，而它们引导同位语 从句则不能这样改。 正确理解同位语从句，还应注意以下几点： A.分隔同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它 成分分隔开来（为保持句子结构平衡）。* The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing . * An order came that the Washington Carrier has
14、sailed to the Yellow Sea for the joint military exercises.*Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词 用虚拟语气形式：（should） + 动原。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。如：The suggestion that a new bridge (s
15、hould) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。 C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。如: 他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。 The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday . (message)运用能力培养：同位语从句的翻译 同位语从句的翻译是考试的难点，请试着翻译：One month later, Einstein put forward another theory that matter and energy were not completely
16、different. 一个月后，爱因斯坦提出了另一种理论：物质 和能量并非完全不同。同位语从句的翻译技巧 一般来说，我们可通过如下几种方式进行翻译：(一) 把同位语从句译成独立的句子，由冒号或破折号 引出。如：There arose the question where we could get the loan.问题产生了：我们到哪里弄到贷款。(二)先翻译主句，然后用“就是“或者“即“ 引导出同位语从句。例如：*An agreement was never reached for the simple reason that neither side wants to give in. 协议没有达成的原因很简单，那就是双方都不让步。*This does not alter the fact that that is, from a practical point view, a best solution. 这改变不了这样一个事
