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1、Passive Voice 被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,2. 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态 。被动语态结构：主 +be + 过去分词(PP) + (by )在改写中应注意：1.把原原来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语主语; ;2.把动词变成“be + be + 过去分词过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语主语变为介词byby的宾语宾语。Some people attacked the towers.S V OThe towers were attacked by some people.S V 一 构成主语是动作的承受者，用被动语
2、态。1.一般的现在时被动语态： am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，（be是助 动词） e.g:English is spoken by many people.German isnt taught in our school.Is French studied in your school? 2.过去时的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词e.g:These new houses were built in 2000.My bike wasnt made in Shanghai.Was this kind of machine made inShenzhen? 注意：被动语态中
3、be的形式是由主语决定的3.情态动词的被语态：must/can/may/should+be+动词的过去分词e.g:The car mustnt be stopped here.Can this chair be taken out ofthe room?This job must be finished on time.表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结动语态结 构一般现现在时时一般过过去时时现现在进进行时时过过去进进行时时一般将来时时过过去将来时时现现在完成时时过过去完成时时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were b
4、eing doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done 二 被动语态的几种类型：1 主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态He saw her in the shop yesterday.She was seen in the shop yesterday.2 主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态Jim gave me a book.I was given a book by Jim.A book was given to me by Jim. 3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态Mother t
5、old me not to be late.I was told not to be late by mother.I saw mother planting flowers in the garden.Mother was seen planting flowers in the garden.They made him work 12 hours a day.He was made to work 12 hours a day. 4 短语动词的被动语态I can take good care of the baby.The baby can be taken good care of.三
6、被动语态的注意事项1 “主语+系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态2 there be 句型没有被动语态3 主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态4 主动句的谓语动词是不及物动词的没有被动语态，但与介词搭配后，则有: The nurse looked after him carefully.The baby was looked after by the nurse carefully.Practice: 1 Must I pay for it at once? _ it _ _ _ at once? 2 We will build a new lab. A new lab _ _ _. 3 The
7、y arent stopping the traffic now. The traffic _ _ _ now. 4 How long have you kept the book? How long _ the book _ _? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5 If your homework _(do) well,you may go to play. 6 Mr.Green was seen _ (grow) trees. 7 The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by t
8、he students. 8 The ship model _ be _ (make) in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmadeOral practice-主动句改被动句 Oral practice-1. Change each sentence into passive voice:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fal
9、len treeHe was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by two A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)T hey had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will b
10、e put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year 7)We should protect the earth8)You need to paint the wallThe earth should be protectedThe wall needs to be painted几种特殊结构1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday2.
11、We often hear him play guitarI was given a gift on my birthdayA gift was given to me on my birthday.He is often heard to play guitar注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不 定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。 We should take care of the old people . The old people should be taken care
12、of. 1 1。动词。动词 ( (表示主语的属性特征) ) + + 副词副词 ( (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。 read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ wellA. were sold B. sellC. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easilyA. has washed B. was washedC. washes D. is washedBC主动式表被动义
13、2.2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主 语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat)We find English is hard _ (learn)The article is difficult _ (understand).to eatto learnto understand 3.3.不定式作后置定语不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动 宾关系,又和该句主语(或
14、宾语)构成主谓关系时, 用主动式表被动义。I have a lot of homework _(do)Ill give him some books _ (read)to doto read表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主 动式表被动义。 4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表 被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,.)The steel feels cold 5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被 动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, mov
15、e,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被 动义 6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动 名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然 也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。Your jacket needs washing/ to be washedQuiz 1Quiz 11. The steel _ coldA. is felt B. was feelingC. feels D. is being felt2. His plan _ goodA. has sounded B. is soundingC. is sounded D. soundsCDQuiz 2Quiz 2The shop _ at 6 am. every dayA. opens B. openedC. is opened D. is ope
