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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 主讲：主讲： 曹曹 群群 丹徒区教育局教研室丹徒区教育局教研室审稿：审稿： 杨志平杨志平 镇江市教育局教研室镇江市教育局教研室王明霞王明霞 镇江市教育局教研室镇江市教育局教研室学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料 中结构比较复杂的长句，对于写作中结构比较复杂的长句，对于写作 得高分非常有用。得高分非常有用。不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词非谓语动词非谓语动词 分类分类 动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有 时态和语态的变化。不定式时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing 完成式
2、to have written to have been written 完成进行式to have been writing 1. 1. 作主语作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性侧重于动作的具体性和将来性To play basketballTo play basketball is a great pleasure.is a great pleasure.但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡, ,常用常用it it 代它作主语代它作主语, , 把它移到句把它移到句 子后部去子后部去. .It It is a great pleasureis a great pleasure to play basket
3、ball. to play basketball.(二)、不定式的句法功能主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语状语2. 2. 作宾语作宾语 A. 跟不定式作宾语的常见动词: （）hope, want , expect, wish, desire, like, love, dislike ,hate, plan, intend, mean, prepare, decide, determine, afford, fail, manage, try、dare, help , promise 、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree、 forget ,bother . B. 常跟疑问词+不定式
4、作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain tell sb what to do3. 3. 作表语作表语 A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。 He is He is to marry Roseto marry Rose. . B.B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。 Her wish was to become an artist. C. 表示情态意义(应该, 必须)。 The form is to be filled in and returned within a week. S
5、he isShe is to blame to blame. .4.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语 A.A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。 Charles Lindbergh is Charles Lindbergh is the first manthe first man to fly to fly the Atlantic alonethe Atlantic alone. .( (主谓关系主谓关系) ) She has She has a good chancea good chance to go to college. (to go to coll
6、ege. (同同 位关系位关系) ) He has got He has got lots of questionslots of questions to ask. (to ask. (动宾关动宾关 系系) ) 注意注意:1.:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动如不定式与它所修饰的词有动 宾关系宾关系, ,而这个不定式又是不及物动词而这个不定式又是不及物动词 , , 它后面应有必要的介词。它后面应有必要的介词。 There is There is nothingnothing to worry to worry aboutabout. . 2. 2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动不定式所修饰的名
7、词是不定式的动 作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时, , 它后面要带上必要的介词。它后面要带上必要的介词。 I need I need a pena pen to write to write withwith. . He is looking for He is looking for a rooma room to live to live in.in.5.5.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词 A. let, have, make, get等表使役的动词 They made us go with them.
8、 注意: Let/ have/make sb. do ; get sb. to do They got us to go with them. B. ask, tell, request, order等表要求,命 令的动词 The chairman requested the members to be silent. C. allow, permit, forbid等表许可或禁止 的动词The guard forbade me to enter.D. wish, want, expect, intend等表希望的 动词(hope无此用法) Many parents expect their
9、children to study abroad. E. seesee、watchwatch、noticenotice、hearhear、listen tolisten to、 observeobserve、feelfeel等表感官的动词等表感官的动词 I noticed tears come into his eyes.I noticed tears come into his eyes. We often hear her sing the song at home.We often hear her sing the song at home. 注注: : 感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动
10、词后的不定式均不带toto F. 其他动词 advise, help, persuade, encourage, warn, cause, force, remind Please remind me to take the raincoat.6. 6. 不定式作状语不定式作状语1 1) )不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语 Tim sat near the fire Tim sat near the fire to get warmto get warm. . The athletes practised hard The athletes practised hard to win the
11、to win the matchmatch. .强调强调作目的状语的不定式作目的状语的不定式, , 常用常用 in order (not) toin order (not) to，so as (not) toso as (not) to短语短语 . .前者可放在句首前者可放在句首, ,也可放在句中也可放在句中; ;后者只后者只 能放在句中。能放在句中。 2).2).不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语 作结果状语的不定式作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭常用于一些固定搭 配中。如配中。如:too to, enough to:too to, enough to， sufficient tosuffi
12、cient to，only toonly to，never tonever to，so so + + 形容词形容词/ /副词副词 + as to, such + + as to, such + 名词名词+ as + as to doto do引导。引导。 Would you be so kind as to step this Would you be so kind as to step this way, please?way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked I tried the door, only to find i
13、t locked inside.inside.Practice1 (09江苏,26）Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures.A. help B. helped C. to help D. having helpedC高考点击高考点击2 (09全国)The children all
14、 turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look atB3 (09山东，22) We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holdingA4 (09辽宁，27) _, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winne
15、r B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 5. (09安徽，28) The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. produced B. being produced C.tobeproduced D.havingbeen producedBC时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done (一).动名词动名词的语法形式 动名词动名词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态
