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1、虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气一、 陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否 定，疑问或感叹等形式。1. There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面. 2. They didnt watch fireworks yesterdayevening. 昨晚他们没有看焰火.3. What can I do for you ?我能为你做什么? 4. How disappointed Tom was !汤姆很失望. 5. What lovely flowers those a
2、re!那些花儿真漂亮.二、祈使语气用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用 原形，其否定式在动词前加do not.1. Let me have a try. 我来试一试.2. Dont be late again. 别再迟到了.3. Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English.别用汉语说,用英语.4. Lets go and play basketball.我们去打篮球.1. I hope our life will be better.希望我们的生活会更好。 2. I wish I were younger.要是我年轻一点就好了。3. If he
3、was out that day, then he couldnt answer the phone. 如果那天他在外面，他就无法接电话. 4. If he had been out that day, he couldnt have answered the phone. 如果那天他在外面的话，他就无法接到电话了.有可能(陈述语气)不可能(虚拟语气)推测(陈述语气)与事实相反(虚拟语气)三 虚拟语气与事实相反,或不可能发生,或发生的可能 性非常小表示说话人所说的话不是事实， 而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿 望，猜测或建议等等。四、虚拟语气的种类1. 条件类虚拟If I were a milli
4、onaire, I would still work hard.如果我是百万富翁，我还是要努力工作。 2. wish类虚拟I wish I had not wasted the time. 要是我没有浪费时间就好了。 3. Should类虚拟I suggest you phone before you go there.我建议你去那儿之前先打个电话。五(1)条件类虚拟时间从句谓语主句谓语现在If I were If I did I would be I would do 将来If I were/did If I should be/do If I were to do I would be I
5、 would do 过去If I had been If I had done I would have been I would have done If we had time now, we would read it again. If she knew about it, she would come. If he were here, everything would be all right. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there. If she should come, I would as
6、k her for help. If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If I had had the money last year, I would have bought a car. If they had known her address, they would have written to her.1. If I _ you, I wouldnt return t
7、he call.A. be B. am C. was D. were 2. If I _more time, I would have gone with you.A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have 3. If I had known that, I _ so.A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have doneC. wont do D. have not done 4. If it_ tomorrow, what would we do?A. rains B. rainedC. would rain D. rain 5. I
8、f it should rain, I _go there tomorrow.A. will B. would notC. wont D. would not havePracticePracticeD DB BB BB BB B不用if条件从句，而用介词或副词without (没有), but for(要不是), otherwise(否则)这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.1. I was busy last week.OtherwiseOtherwise I wouldwould havehave comecome to see you.=If I had not been bu
9、sy, I would have come 2. Without Without / butbut forfor you, I wouldwould notnot bebe what I am today.=If it hadnt been for you, I would not be .五(2) 条件类虚拟的简略式1.1. WithoutWithout electricity, human life_ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2. But forBut for the Par
10、ty, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would dieC. must die D. must have died 3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ yourbirthday party.A. attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have attendedIf there were no electricity,If it hadnt been for the Party,DAPracticePracticeIf I
11、 hadnt been busy, I D这类虚拟表示不可能实现的愿望，或和事实相反的情况六、wish类虚拟I wish I were / did / had done If only I were / did / had done I would rather I were / did / had done He looked as if he were / did / had done It is time we did I wished I were younger. I wish I hadnt told him about it. I wish that I could afford
12、 a new car. If only he had talked to her sooner! I would rather you didnt go out alone. It looks as if it were broken It is time we started to work.1. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 2. How I wish I _to repair the watch! I only made it wors
13、e.A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try 3. If only I _ able to lighten the burden of my family, but I am still a student .A. were B. have been C. am D. would be 4. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I wish _ me alo
14、ne.A. he has left B. he leavesC. He will leave D. he would leave 6. Id rather you _ tomorrow.A. came B. come C. will come D. had comeCBADDA表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句 通常用“should+动词原形”。 should可以省略一坚持: insist 二命令: order, command 三建议: advice, suggest, recommend 四要求: demand, require, request, desire形容词：necessary,
15、 important, essential, strange七、should类虚拟Examples1. He suggested that we should visit the palace right away.2. She recommended that the meeting be put off.3. He ordered that they should start off immediately.4. I demanded that he should answer me at once.5. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.6. It was surprising that he should say so.It is really strange that the girl _ so early.A. has been married B. has marriedC. be
