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1、as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别1，as 引导的非限制性定语从句，位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末；先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；有“正如、像”等意思，表依据、评论（、态度、看法）等；如： This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。He failed in the exam, as we had expected. Tom has passed the test, as everybody knows. 正如每个人所了解的那样，汤姆通过了考试。【比较：Bamb
2、oo is hollow，which makes it very light竹子是空的，这就使得它很轻。 】常用以下谓语动词的主、被动语态：know, see, say, expect, imagine, hope, believe, announce, suggest, report, point out, 例：主动（做宾）：as we all know, as you know, as everybody knows; as you see, as we can see, as we have seen, as anybody can see; as was expected; as we
3、 can imagine, as we have imaginedAs we all know, the earth is round.He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。被动（做主）：as is known to everybody, as is known to all; as has been expected; as is often the case (with )，as has been pointed ou
4、t, as is usual with, as is reported in the newspaper He is an honest man, as is known to all. As is often the case with young people, he was overconfident. He wasnt unconscious，as could be judged from his eyes他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。2，which 引导非限制性定语从句，只能置于句中或句末（即不可置于句首，只能置于先行词之后） ；先行词即可是一个词，也可是整个主句或主句的
5、部分内容；是整个主句时，从句谓语动词用三单。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.有“这、这一点” 等意思，表事实、状态、起因、转折、让
6、步等；如：Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light竹子是空的，这就使得它很轻。Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 她的房子尽管是一百多年前建造的，但他在地震过后依然耸立。 （让步）【比较：He failed in the exam, as we had expected.】He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. (先行词是一个句子) He was proud, w
7、hich I dislike very much. He was proud, which his brother never was.She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honour.常用“prep.which”结构They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.He
8、 is a library assistant, from whom I borrowed some books.It is a famous school, from which he graduated 3 years ago. He is my son, against whom a better son does not existHe stood at the window, from which (/ where) he could see what was happening. There is a tall tree outside, under which (/where)
9、stands our teacher.用“n./pron./num./adj 比较或最高级 + prep.+ which/whom”结构，表示先行词的一部分They talked about a movie, the name of which Ive never forgotten他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold me
10、dals，16.5 of which were won by women在悉尼奥运会，中国队夺得了28 枚金牌，其中 165 枚是女子夺得的。China has a lot of rivers, the second longest of which is the Yellow River.China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。先行词是独一无二的事物或是专有名词时。The moon，which doesnt give out light itself，is only a s
11、atellite of the earth月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的
12、古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。The Nile，which used to flood every year，now runs more regularly below the dam尼罗河年年涨洪水，现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。Last year he went to Egypt，which is in Africa他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。Well graduate in July, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。先行词被物主代词和指示代词修饰时My house, which I bought last year, has g
13、ot a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。My family，which has 35 people，is a large one我家有 35 口人，是一个大家庭。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作定语从句的表语，主从句之间含对比的意思。Mikes brother is a policeman， which he isnt迈克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。Her sister has become a la
14、wyer, which she wanted to be. 她的妹妹成为了一名律师，而这是她曾经的愿望。在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里（即否定意义的非限制性定语从句不可用 as 引导。 ）Tom has passed the test, which nobody knows. 汤姆通过了考试，但却没人知道。He came to my birthday party， which I didnt expect at all他来参加我的生日聚会了，这我完全没有想到。Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isnt 李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。He married her
15、, which was unexpected. He married her, as /which was natural. Tom has passed the test, as nobody knows. ( )He married her, as was unexpected. ( ) He came to my birthday party， as I didnt expect at all. 我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会。 ( )Li Ling is very clever，as Li Long isnt. 李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。( ) 互换条件：非限定从中的 as 表依据
16、评论， which 表事实状态等，但差别不大时可互换。注意位置：which 引导的非限制性定语从句不能置于句首。例如：He is quite pleased, as/which can be seen from his face. 他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。You always work hard, as/which everyone knows. 大家都知道，你一向勤奋学习。 As can be seen from his skin, he must be from Africa.=He must be from Africa, which/as can be seen from his skin.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.=Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth, as we have seen.A
