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1、Unit 18 GrammarThe Use of “It”用作人称代词I cannot find my watch；I must have lost it.“Where is the cat? “ It is under the bed.” They got a baby and it very lovely.He smokes a lot in bed and I dont like it.“Who is it？” “Its me.” Someone must have been here. But we have no idea whoit was.1.用于指事。It用作人称代词最基本的
2、用法就是 代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。2.用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或 性别不详的婴儿。3.用于上文提到的情况。4.用于指人。it 用于指人主要用于 确定未知人的身份.注 意当it指人时主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若 指已知的或身份明确的人，则根据情况使用he或she I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postmen.Jim is at the door. He wants to see you. It用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换 的是同一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前 提事物有共同之处但并
3、不完全一样的事物，而且， one之前或之后常有修饰语来加以区别. I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using_ now. I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.itone对 比 练 习1. The vase on the left is more beautiful than _on the right. I love _ very much. 2. The coffee produced in Brazil is
4、more famous than _ in Mexico.the one/thatthat3. His younger sister is taller than the elder _. 4. I need the plastic bags, not the paper_ .one ones 5. I like the vase better than _in another shop. 6. The windows of your flat are cleaner than _of mine.7. The style of the building is similar to _of a
5、templethe one / that those that 8. A CD player made in Japan costs more than _made in China.oneit用作非人称代词1. Its three years since he left here . 2. How far is it from here to the station?3. It was very quiet in the garden .4. . Its very cold today . Its 37 today .5. If its convenient I can come. I ca
6、nnot help it . 没办法了。.“Hows it going？”“well，not so good.”用于指时间 用于指距离 用于指环境用于指天气等自然现象用于笼统地谈论某情况take it easy; make it; foot it; stop it; catch it; have had it v基本用法。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时 ，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式 主语it，而 把真正的主语放在句子末尾： Is it necessary to do so？ I dont think it is any good arguing with him. (3) It d
7、oesnt matter what she says. v几种特殊的形式主语 1. 用作动词look 、seem 、appear 、happen 、occur 、follow 等的主语（后接that从句或as if从句）：It seems as if it is going to rain.It（so）happened that I had no money with me.用作形式主语用作形式主语2. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常 译为“清楚（
8、显然，真的，肯定）” 是主语从句最常见的 一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 3. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（虚拟语气（should + should + 动词原形）动词原形） It is important that we
9、(should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. It is strange that he should speak to his mother in such a rude way.用作形式主语4. It is said (reported, hoped, learned, believed.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句； 该结构常译为“据说（据报道，希望，据悉）”。 It is said that he has gon
10、e abroad. It is reported that one man was killed in the desert adventure. 5.It is suggested /advised ( ordered /demanded/ insisted/ commanded/ proposed. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求 ，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动 词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should )
11、be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 用作形式主语6. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）， should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时 ，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾. 7.
12、It is time (high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用 过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能 省，常译为“是（正是）的时侯” It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 用作形式主语8. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用 虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态
13、，由主句的 谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在 完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态 ，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this /that替换常译为“ 是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. That was the third time that you had made the same mistake.用作形式宾语v基本用法：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后 跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语
14、,而将真正的宾语移 到句末,即 “动词it宾语补足语真正宾语”这样的结构， : We found it difficult to persuade her. Our school make it a rule that all the students wear the school uniform on the campus. v几种特殊的形式宾语,其后没有宾补： 由于介词后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构 就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句个别介词（主要 是but和 except）也可接that从句作宾语： You may depend on it that he wi
15、ll turn up in time .Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve.用作形式宾语有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从 句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。She wont like it if you arrive late.He hates it when people use his bike without first asking for his permission. 能这样用的动词不多，主要有enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate， prefer，appreciate等表示情感的动词。 用于have it (that)（说是真的、认为）,take it (that) （设想，认为）等固定表达中: I take it (that) you agree.Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident.用于强调句型v It be + 被强调部分 + that . v 该句型是强调句型。
