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1、 Verbs动 词谓语动词非谓语动词行为动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词及物动词 不及物动词谓语动词行为动词系动词助动词情态动词1. 行为动词(Action Verbs)： 2. 及物动词(transitive verb) 不及物动词(intransitive verb) u及物动词要求有直接宾语 I received your letter this morning. He does morning exercises every day. u不及物动词不需要宾语 They study hard. He talked to the boy. 2. 系动词(Li
2、nk Verbs)系动词不能单独作谓语，必须和 作表语的名词和形容词等连用一起构 成句子的谓语。 be, look, seem, become, feel, get, remain, grow, smell, taste, sound He is very happy. She feels ill. He became a Party member. The soup tastes good.3. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)助动词不能单独作谓语， 必须 和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，帮助 主要动词构成一定的时态、语态、语 气、或构成否定、疑问等形式。 be, have, do Th
3、is machine is made in China. He was working in the field at that time. Who is studying in the classroom?He has been to Beijing twice. He had finished the job. He has been waiting for her for half an hour.Do you speak English? He doesnt know French. When did you join the army?用于替代，避免重复 I like coffee
4、and so does he. Do you like reading ? Yes , I do.用于强调 Do be quiet. He did work hard.4. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)情态动词用于表示能力、允许、 可能、必须、意愿等情态含义，具有 一定的词义。不能单独作谓语。没有 人称和数的变化。 can (could), may (might), must, shall (should), ought to, need, dare, will (would), used to, be toHe can speak French.(会) He cant be in th
5、e classroom.(不可能。 猜测) You can go now.(可以。允许) Could I use your telephone?(委婉语气) May I trouble you with a question? (允许、请求)Must I hand in my exercise-book today? Yes, you must. No, you dont have to./You neednt.We have to go there on foot. You ought to finish your homework today. (ought to 语气比should 重些
6、）Shall I open the window?(要开窗吗？ 征求对方的意见） Will you lend me a helping hand? (请求、建议、询问 ) Would you please have some more wine?(委婉语气)非谓语 动词不定式动名词现在分词 过去分词The Infinitive(动词不定式)to +verb n1)作主语 To see is to believe.(百闻不如一见） To be a good teacher requires patience. It 放在句首代替不定式作主语 It has been a pleasure to b
7、e able to help you. n2)作表语 The important thing is to save lives.n3) 作宾语 She likes to play with the child. They asked how to get to the railway station. Have you decided whether to go for an outing? n4)宾语补足语 We should get him to see a doctor. He told me where to take the bus.5) 定语 He is always the la
8、st one to leave theoffice. He has many things to do. There are children to look after and a big house to take care of.6)状语(目的) I stayed there to see what would happen. (结果) I was too depressed to feel nervous. (原因)They laughed to see the clown.不定式的各种时态I am glad to be working with you. It is nice to
9、have talked to you. She doesnt like to be treated as a guest.the Present Participle and the Past Participle (现在分词和过去分词）u现在分词含主动意义，表动作 正在进行 u过去分词含被动意义，表动作 已完成1）作宾语补足语lThe shop girls good intention left the old man feeling worse than before. lIll have my hair cut this afternoon.2) 作定语 lWhat an interes
10、ting day! lShe lost her purse containing 10 pounds. lWell proceed as soon as we get the added funds. lHe ate up the cake made by his mother. lDo you know the names of the flowers being planted by the gardener?3)作状语 l表示时间 They sang while working. Turning around, she saw Tom in tears. Whenever known,
11、such facts should be reported at once. l原因 Being ill, he couldnt go to class. Seriously injured, Allen rushed to the hospital.l条件 If going there by plane, well have to pay twice as much. Left in the rain, a piece of iron becomes rusty.(生锈的） l方式、伴随情况 He sat in an armchair, watching TV. Singing and da
12、ncing, the pupils came into the room.l表让步 Although given the best medical care, he died. Although working very hard, he failed to turn in his research paper on time. l结果 The war went on for years, killing thousands upon thousands of people.Gerund 动名词具有名词和动词特征，有自己 的时态和语态，可带宾语、状语 句法功能： 1.主语 lImproving
13、 your study habits will improve your grades. lIt is nice talking to you.2.主语补语 lHer job is looking after the baby and cooking for the whole family. 3.宾语 lHe has given up smoking. lI enjoy having dinner with you. lYoud better keep on doing this. 区别 lRemember to close the window before you leave. lI r
14、emembered calling him.非谓语动词的比较1.不定式和动名词作宾语有些动词既可跟动名词作宾语， 也可跟不定式，意思不同 forget remember regret后跟动名词 表已发生的动作,不定式表示要发生的 动作 lHe has forgotten meeting her last year. lHe has forgotten to meet her.2.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作宾语 补足语，意义区别 lI heard him talking to his mother.(正在 进行） l I heard him talk to his mother for an
15、hour.(动作已完成） lCan you get the car going?(主动） lDavid will get the car washed?(被动）不定式、现在分词、和过去分词作定语lThese are the letters to be sent out thisafternoon.(不定式，表示即将发生的动作） lThe woman sending her children to school is my history teacher.(正在发生的动作） lWeve met the doctors sent to work hereby the city hospital.作状语的区别不定式表示意想不到的结果 He jumped into the pool to save a child to break his own leg. 不定式用在形容词后表示原因。 He was happy to see his parents in good health.
