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1、Politeness Principle Analysis in the Film FlippedAbstract：The film Flipped tells a love story between the girl Juli Baker and a boy named Bryce Loski. It all began in the summer of 1957, before the start of second. Bryce and his family moved to a new house where they became the neighbours of Julis f
2、amily. Juli flipped over Bryce at the first sight she saw him, however, Bryce did not. After that Bryce suffered the toutures that Juli gave him for chasing after him all the time and others laughing at them for almost four years. Juli always believed that Bryce liked him, until one day she found Br
3、yce throwing the eggs she gave to his family. Then she got angry about him, the sense got deeper when she heard Bryce and Garrett making fun of her uncle and her. However Bryce had found himself flipped over Juli at that time. After they experienced misunderstandings upon each other, finally one day
4、 Juli saw Bryce digging a hole and planting a sycamore tree which is Julis favourite tree, and they became reconciled with each other. I will use the pragmatic theories to analys their talks in the following context.Key words: Plippe;, politeness principle Introduction: Politeness principle is one o
5、f the major social constraints on human interaction which regulates participants communicative behavior by constantly reminding them to take into consideration the feelings of the others. Politeness is a linguistic universal phenomenon in different countries. The study of it has attracted scholarly
6、attention since the late 1970s.Theory Research:1.1 Robbin Lakoffs politeness principles in 1973 There are two basic strategies for communication: clarity, which guides the transmission of information; politeness rules.1. Dont impose/distance;It can be applied to highly formal situations in which the
7、re is a significant difference in power and status between the interlocutors.Example in the film Flipped:Bryces father: Hey, come on, buddy Bryce. Why dont, uh, you and I go help unload the van and the womenfolk here can get in the kitchen and start setting up.In this sentence Bryces father wanted h
8、is family members to help him.2. Give options/ deferenceIt is appropriate in less formal situations in which the interlocutors enjoy equal status and power, but are not familiar with each other.Example: Juli: Dont you want some help?Bryces father: No. Theres some valuable things in there.Juli: How a
9、bout this one?Bryces father: No, no, no. Run home. Your mothers probably wondering where you are.Juli: Oh, no, my mom knows where I am. She said its fine.3. Be friendly/camaraderieEquality or camaraderie: act as though you and the addressee were equal/make him feel good. It is applied to the interlo
10、cutors between close friends and lovers.Example: Juli: Hi, Im Juli Baker. Dont you want some help?1.2 Brown&Levinsons Positive Face and Negative Face TheoryPositive face: the positive consistent self-image that people have and want to be appreciated and approved of by at least some other people.Nega
11、tive face: the rights to territories, freedom of action and freedom from imposition; essentially the want that your actions be not impeded by others.Example:Bryce: Hey, you found my kite.Juli: Bryce, you should come up here. Its so beautiful.Here Juli wanted to get Bryces agreement, she want Bryce t
12、o maintain her positive face.However, Bryce: I cant. I sprained my, um, I have a rash.Here Bryce wanted to maintain his negative face.Garrett: Are you freaking mental? Juli Baker. You hate her.Here Garrett wanted Bryce to maintain his positive face.Bryce: Thats whats weird. I dont think I do. I cant
13、 stop thinking about her.Garrett: You got it bad, man.Bryce: Well, what do I do?Garrett: Well, you gotta nip this in the bud. These arent real emotions.Here Garrett wanted to maintain Bryces negative face.1.3 Geoffery Leechs Politeness Principle in 1983Geoffrey Leech (Born 16 January 1936) was Profe
14、ssor of Linguistics and Modern English Language at Lancaster University from 1974 to 2002. He then became Research Professor in English Linguistics. He has been Emeritus Professor in the Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, since 2002.According to Leech, communicator
15、s generally observe some rules of good behavior which he terms the Politeness Principle. The principle can explain why people are sometimes indirect in conveying what they mean. It is a necessary complement that may rescue the CP from serious trouble in theorizing.The six maxims of Leechs Politeness
16、 Principle1. Tact maxim: Minimize cost to other; maximize benefit to other.Example:Bryce: Its looking real good.Juli: Thanks. Chet did most of it.2. Generosity Maxim: Minimize benefit to self; maximize cost to self.Example:Juli: I could pay for it with my egg money.3. Approbation maxim: Minimize dispraise of other; maximize praise of other.Example:Bryce: Its looking good, Juli. Nice job.4. Modesty Maxim: Minimize praise of self; maximize praise of other.Ex
