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1、 在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为 ：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词 。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（ 谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：不定式 （to do）现在分词 （doing）过去分词 （done）动名词 （doing）三、非
2、谓语动词的特征 1、动词特征： A、时态：一般式 完成式 to do to have donedoing having done 进行式 完成进行式 to be doing to have been doing I think it wise _ (ask)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice. to ask to have finishedHaving
3、 donehopingB、语态：主动语态 被动语态 to do to be doneto have done to have been donedoing being donehaving done having been doneHe is asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, he still couldnt understand it. to
4、be sentto have been sentbeing discussedHaving been told注：非谓语动词的否定结构是：not +非谓语 动词The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation.Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again.Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.主 语语表 语语宾宾 语语补补 语语定 语语状 语语 不定式+现现在分词词+过过去分词词+动动名词词+组组成
5、介词词 短语语四、非谓语动词充当的成分(一) 不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其 是指将来的动作。动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动 作。_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. PlayingAA(二) 动名词与不定式作宾语在一个句子中，用不定式，还 是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓 语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：A. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语wish, ask, promise, pretend,
6、 fail, decide, learn, agree, manage, demand, plan, refuse, seem, expect, want, hope, arrange, attempt, choose, determine, happen, offer, prepare, appear, afford, intend, desireB. 以下动词常接动名词作宾语suggest, finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, miss, practise, excuse, consider, appreciate, imagine, escape, finish, k
7、eep, standlook forward to, devoteto, get down to, be/get used to, pay attention to, lead to, stick to, preferto, be busy1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式 时，表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作； 接动名词时， 表示习惯、经验、体会。I prefer being alone.I prefer to stay at home today.C. 既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动 词2. remember、forget、regret 等词后接 不定
8、式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词 时，表示一已经发生了的 动作。I forgot telling him the news.I forgot to tell him the news.I dont remember having ever promised you that.3. 跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同。mean doing/to do, stop doing/to do, go on doing/to do, try doing/to do, can not help doing/to do4. want、need、require、request等此后 接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词
9、用主动式的形式 。句子的意思没有差别。但句子的主语一般是一表 物的名词或代词。Your watch needs repairing to be repaired.The windows need painting again to be painted again.5. 固定句型Its no use/good/useless doing sth.Its kind/wise/clever of sb. to do sth.Its important/hard for sb. to do sth.1.If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thi
10、ef would not have got in. 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs _ (improve). to closeto restimproving或to be improved4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C
11、 . ride ; to ride D . to ride ; riding 5. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going CA6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . A catching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of intere
12、st _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repairedCD8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.sailing(三) 非谓语动词作状语 1. 现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动的 动作。2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是 表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动 作。1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上 连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更 明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末)2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(
