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1、 延续性动词和终止性动词的概念延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程 的长短，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。的长短，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。短暂性动词短暂性动词: :短暂性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动短暂性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动 词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生 后立即结束。如后立即结束。如open, close, open, close, finish,start,marry,beginfinish,start,marry,begin, c
2、ome, go, arrive, reach, , come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, get to, leave, move,buymove,buy, borrow, borrow等。等。延续性动词延续性动词: :表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延 续下去或产生持久影响。如：续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, know, walk
3、, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, staysleep, live, stay等。等。要表示状态和延续性动作时必须要要表示状态和延续性动作时必须要 用延续性动词用延续性动词. .常见的几个短暂性动词口诀:开始离去借来还,出生入死买到家.“开始离去借来还”是指 begin(start),leave,go,borrow,come,return.“出生入死买到家”是指join,die,buy,arrive. 还有marry,become等。短暂性动词的用法 1.短暂性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The t
4、rain has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2. 短暂性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此,不可与for或 since等表示一段 时间的状语连用。(只限于肯定式)如：(1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years.(2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时
5、否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一 段时间的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 延续性动词的用法1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状 语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语 了。2. 延续
6、性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等 终止性动词来表示。 以下几种 情况不能用短暂性动词，要用延续性动词 1.for+一段时间2.since+过去时间点3.since+一般过去时从句4.since+一段时间+ago5.how long have/has？ 在以上结构中，不能用have/has+短暂性动词的过 去分词。在现在完成时中，短暂性动词如果要与表示一段
7、 时间的时间状语连用,需把短暂性动词改为相应的 表示延续意义的动词或词组才可以.常见的短暂性动词变延续性动词: Begin (start) be on leave be away Go be there borrow(lend) keep Come be here return be back join be a member of(be in+组织点) die be dead buy have become be arrive in/at(reach,get to) be here/stay marry be married open be opened例如： 1.My pet has di
8、ed for two days.(误) die为短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间的状语连用，这里要把 die转化为延续性动词。即die be dead，则My pet has been dead for two days.（正）2.She has borrowed the VCD since three weeks ago.(误) borrow为短暂性动词，不能与since+一段时间+ago的状语连用 ，这里要把borrow转化为延续性动词.即borrow keep，则She has kept the VCD since three weeks ago.（正）3.He has left hi
9、s hometown since 1986.（误） leave为短暂性动词，不能与since+过去时间点的状语连用，这 里要把leave转化为延续性动词.即leave keep，则He has been away from his hometown since 1986.(正)练习:Do you know Huang Ting well?yes,she and I _ friends since we met in Wuhan last summer.A. have made B. were C. have been D. had comeMr.Green _Beijing since thr
10、ee years ago.A. has come to B.went C. had lived in D. has been inHe _our school for two weeks.A. left B. has left C. has been awayShe _the dictionary for about twenty years.A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has hadHow long can I _ the book? Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep练习:6. I _ the Leag
11、ue for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 7.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A. has been opened B. has opened C. was open D.opened 8. We _since we came here . A.have been married B. have marriedC. married D. has married 9. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 10.He _ in Beijing since 2000.A. arrived B. has arrivedC. have arrived D. has stayed
