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1、第一讲 汉英词汇比较与翻译Schedule for the Semester Semantic translation (7 Chapters) Syntactic translation (4 Chapters) Textual translation (3 Chapters) Plus Review and Practice Final Score =practice 20%+midterm 20%+finalterm 60%选择词义 根据： 词典； 语境； 搭配； 逻辑语境 man and wife; officers and men his man Friday man-of-war
2、Be a man! 例1“好”的译法 好的开始是成功的一半。 Well begun, half done. 邻居对她都很好。 Her neighbors are all very kind to her. 这我们好解决。 The problem can be easily solved. 今天下午好几个人找你。 Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon. 你留个电话，有事好跟你商量。 Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessar
3、y.例2：“轻巧”的译法 这摩托车很轻巧。 The motorcycle is light and handy. 她动作很轻巧。 She is nimble in movement. 你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?例3：“考察”的译法 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考 察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 In his lifetime, Xu Xiake, a great tr
4、aveler in Chinas Ming Dynasty, toured 16 provinces, leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country. 为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、 坐车。 In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available. 他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人
5、迹罕至的森 林进行考察。 He always preferred to venture into mountainous areas with rough tracks, and into forests seldom visited by human beings.例4：“意思” 甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：唉，只是意思意思。 乙：啊，真是不好意思。 A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it. B: Oh, arent you a bit
6、 too polite? You should not do that. A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude. B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it.搭配 You shall know a word by the company it keeps. By Firth. 正式会议formal meeting 正式声明official statement 正式成员the full member of the delegation化 经济法制化:manage economic affa
7、irs within a framework 经济全球化: economic globalization 社会知识化:build a knowledge-driven society 国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations 国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy 科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production逻辑：约定俗成 胆小如鼠:as timid as a
8、 rat/rabbit 落汤鸡:a drowned rat/chicken 养虎为患:to cherish a snake/tiger in ones bosom 瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole 如鱼得水: like a duck/fish to water 愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose/pig 犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey/ox练习 a good Christian a good parent a good child a good wife a good tooth a good reason a good
9、income a good table a good person a good heart good manners选择练习 1他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。 He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital. He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing in the hospital. 2佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲 聪明能干，却也舒服。 The life of a tenant fa
10、rmers family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman. The life of a tenant farmers family was of course hard, but it was somehow comfortable because mother was a clever and able woman. 3富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。 You will be enchanted by the unique
11、European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture. You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture. 4我那新郎官啊！那个死东西！他就是死也 不肯进洞房。 My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber! My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the room!翻译下列词语 一窝蜜蜂 一窝小鸡
12、一窝幼犬 一群美女 一群猎狗 一群羚羊 一群鸭 A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies A pack of hounds A herd of antelopes A team of ducks 积极支持: unfailing support 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy 积极利用国外资源: make effective use of overseas resources 基本工资:basic wage 基本建设:capital constr
13、uction 基本物质:essential commodity 基本工业:primary industry 基本利益:fundamental interest翻译下列句子 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意 见。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. 党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。 Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 他们对这项计划提出了修改意
14、见。 They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 Everyone complained against such a practice. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 They had a dispute at the meeting. 你应该听从医生的意见。 You should follow the doctors advice. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 They reached a consensus on this issue. 还有些未完成的事要处理。 There is stil
15、l some unfinished business to settle. 我们就这件事请教过他。 We have consulted him about the matter. 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.翻译中的选词 The largest quantity of translation in a text is done at the level of the word. By Peter Newmark. 1.根据语义范围选词 2.从近义词中选词 3.根据搭配选词 4.根据褒贬选词 总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路 子是对了。 Of course, our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world. 中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义 、强权政治，永不称霸。
