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1、1第四讲第四讲 动词时态和语态动词时态和语态 PartPart 真题变式体验12017北京高考In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ (invent) yet.答案：hadnt been invented 由 yet 可知，and 后的句子要用完成时，且表示invent 这一动作在“most families had . ”这一过去的动作之前尚未发生。故用过去完成时的否定式。又因 phones 与 invent 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。句意：在 20
2、世纪 50 年代的美国，大多数家庭仅有一部电话，无线电话还没有被发明出来。22016北京高考The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ (reward) with success in the end.答案：will be rewarded 由 and 连接两个并列的句子可知，设空处应为后一句的谓语。根据句意及时间状语 in the end 判断设空处需用一般将来时。their efforts 与reward 之间为被动关系，因而用被动语态。故填 will be rewarded。32017天
3、津高考I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.答案：was driving be doing . when . 是固定句式，表示“正在做这时” 。42017江苏高考He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _ (follow)答案：was being followed 这里 if 引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因 he 与 follow 之间是被动关系，故用
4、被动语态。句意：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。52017江苏高考Hes been informed that he _ (qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.答案：doesnt qualify 本空的谓语动词 qualify 在这里用作不及物动词，表示“有2资格，有权利” ，这里并不表示延续性的动作，而是说明“他不合格”这一实际情况，因此用一般现在时的否定式 doesnt qualify。句意：他被告知，因为他的学术背景，他没资格获得这笔奖学金。62017全国卷Sarah _ (te
5、ll) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.答案：was told/has been told 根据语境可知，此处可单纯表述 Sarah 被告知这一发生于过去的事情，用一般过去时；或者也可以表述这一动作的发生对现在的影响，用现在完成时。72016北京高考I _ (read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.答案：have read 句意：这本英文小说我已经读了
6、一半了，我将尽力在周末把它读完。根据句意可知，动作 read 发生在过去，对现在产生了影响，故用现在完成时。82016江苏高考Dashan, who _ (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.答案：has been learning 根据句意以及时间状语 for decades 可知，学习这一动作从过去一直延续到了现在，并且现在还在进行，应用现在完成进行时。主语 Dashan 为第三人称单数，故答案为
7、 has been learning。92016浙江高考Silk_ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.答案：had become 根据句中的时间状语 by about 100 BC 可知，become 动作发生在“过去的过去” ，故用过去完成时。102016江苏高考More efforts, as reported, _ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.答案：wi
8、ll be made 根据 in the years ahead 可知，动作发生在将来，故用一般将来时。主语 more efforts 与 make 之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述，答案为will be made。 PartPart 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2017浙江高考Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _56_ (carrot) and was about to
9、throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _57_ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed _58_ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _59_ (I)， ” says Pahlsson
10、.Sixteen years _60_ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _61_ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughtersthen ten, eight, and sixhad picked 3it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband _62_ (sea
11、rch) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again， ” she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _63_ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _64_ it remained until the
12、carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was _65_ wonder.56_ 57._ 58._ 59._60_ 61._ 62._ 63._64_ 65._StepStep 1 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这令主人激动并惊喜不已。StepStep 2 2：逐题解答，确定答案。56carrots 考查名词的复数。a handful of “一把，几个” ，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handfu
13、l of carrots “一把胡萝卜” 。57shiny/shining 考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词 object，故用形容词。shine 的形容词形式为 shiny 或 shining，意为“闪闪发光的” 。58so 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，so 与后面的 that 构成句型 so . that .，意为“如此以至于” 。so 修饰副词 loudly。59myself 考查反身代词。句意：她原本以为我伤到了自己。60earlier 考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier “早在 16 年前” 。61to_cook 考查非谓语动词。丽娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭，故
14、用动词不定式表目的。62searched 考查动词的时态。该句中 but 后的 turned up 使用了一般过去时，search 是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用一般过去时。63swept 考查过去分词。get swept “被扫掉” ；getdone 相当于 be done 含义。64where 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。65a 考查冠词。a wonder “一个奇迹” 。StepStep 3 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才
15、能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)熟知八种基本时态的构成；(2)八种学情分析考生在动词时态和语态的学习过程中存在4基本时态的用法及重点；(3)一般过去时与现在完成时用法上的侧重点；(4)被动语态的基本形式；(5)被动语态中的特殊情况；(6)与时态相关的固定句式结构。着以下几点问题：(1)不能熟练掌握时态的基本类型；(2)不清楚不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式；(3)主被动意识淡，不能准确使用被动语态；(4)在使用时态时，全凭所谓的语感去判断，写出来的句子时态混乱，没有时态观念，没有章法可言。考点 1 一般现在时(do/doesdo/does)1 表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象As is known to us, the sun risesrises in the east and setssets in the west.众所周知，太阳东升西落。2 表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态Some senior 3 students getget upup at 5：20 every day including Sunday.一些高三学生每天 5：20 起床，包括星期日。3 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来If city noises areare
