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1、独立主格结构和 with / without复合结构一独立主格结构 1.概念:充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构:名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing 作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1._, they left the meeting room.（问题解决了）（settle）2._ ,well go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit) (cross) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在手下 )_This problem settledTime permittinghis hands crossed unde
2、r his head.l()名词/代词 + (being) 形容词 _,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通 红)_（red）()名词代词（being) 副词He put on his socks， _.（反的一面在外面）(out)His mother (being) illhis nose red with cold.wrong side out()名词代词不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (
3、2005湖南)A. follows B. followedC. to follow D. being followed .2._ (最后一个人 的到来)，our party was started.（arrive ） The last guest to arrive（）名词代词介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom,_.(手上一本书) 2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗 帜）book i
4、n handFlag on shoulder()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在 “being+过去分词”或“there being 过去分词”结构中，being不可省。 1._, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over） 2._,she went back to her room. (没有闹钟的原因) 3._, we cant go there. (房间正在被油漆) Breakfast (being) overThere being no cause fo
5、r alarmThe room being painted now二With和without复合结构with和without复合结构是: with/without名词代词 分词不定式形容词副词 介词短语。在句子中可以作 状语或定语。（）with/without名词代词现在分词。用 现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。I couldnt finish my work with those children _.A. playing around B. plays aroundC. played around D. to play around () with/without 名词代词+ 过去
6、分词。用过 去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book.A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix() with/without名词代词不定式 。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D
7、. being settled()with/without名词代词形容词。She sleeps with the window open.() with/without+名词代词副词。_ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名词代词介词短语。1.He sleeps with a book in his hand.2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on
8、the bus. 三with和without复合结构与独立主格结构的转化（） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。 （）作时间状语With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.= When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds
9、fly south. （）作原因状语With the key lost, she could not enter the room.=The key lost, she could not enter the room.=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作条件状语With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.=Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.=If time permits, we
10、ll visit the Summer Palace.(4)作伴随状语Here are the first three volumes withthe fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and thefourth one is coming out next month.() with和without复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则
11、不可作后置定语修饰名词。Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowerswere in blossom.1._ ten minutes _ before the last trainleft, we arrived at the station.A. There were; to go B. With; to goC. I was; left D. It had; left 2
12、.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work.A. Until B. As C. With D. Because巩固练习4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work un
13、finished.A. for B. with C. from D. of 5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off thefootball match.A. was B. is C. were D. being 6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line.A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his handC. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands 7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ a
14、nd his hands _.A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembledD. closing; trembled8._,the work can be done much better.A. Given more timeB. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled.A. permits B.
15、 will permit C. to permit D. permitting10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual.A. It was B. It isC. It being D. Having beenWell done! 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是 难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实 只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式 的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知 道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分 四步分析。 一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _
